I. Preface: RTX 2060/2070 Super goes on the market to meet Navi.

In this world, there will be progress if you are competitive! On April 24, 2019, after the release of GTX 1650, the last puzzle of NVIDIA Turing family, NVIDIA has completed all the layout of Turing GPU. However, things are like chess. AMD announced at the Taipei Computer Show at the end of May that the RX 5700/5700XT with Navi architecture will be launched in July, which has suppressed RTX 2060 and RTX 2070 respectively in terms of performance, and the price is lower.

Obviously, NVIDIA is not Intel, and AMD will not be allowed to grab its own market share. It is obviously not the best policy to let RTX 2080 lower its posture against RX 5700 XT. NVIDIA with deep pockets chose to develop new GPUs to regain its competitive advantage, so RTX 2060 Super, RTX 2070 Super and RTX 2080 Super came into being.

RTX 2060 Super adopts TU106 core as RTX 2070/2060, but compared with RTX 2060, the specification has been greatly improved. The number of stream processors has increased from 1920 to 2176, the number of ROPs has increased from 48 to 64, the memory of GDDR6 has increased from 192-bit 6GB to 256-bit 8GB, and the frequency has remained at 14GHz.

Because the number of complete TU106 core stream processors is 2304, RTX 2070 Super can only switch to a higher-order TU104 core and make appropriate castration. Compared with RTX 2070, the biggest change is that the number of stream processors is increased from 2034 to 2560, and the original 144 texture units are correspondingly increased to 160. The memory specifications remain unchanged, and the frequency is still 14Gbps and the capacity is 8GB. NVIDIA’s statement is that the performance of RTX 2070 Super can be in line with GTX 1080 Ti.

As for RTX 2080 Super, NVIDIA left a hand when it released RTX 2080, without using the complete TU104 core. This RTX 2080 Super is a complete body of TU104, with 3072 stream processors and 192 texture units. Since RTX 2060/2070 Super has 256 stream processors, while RTX 2080 Super has only 128, in order to further improve the performance, NVIDIA chose to increase the video memory frequency from 14Gbps to 15.5Gbps, so the video memory bandwidth has reached 496 GB/s..

The parameter specifications of RTX 2060/2070/2080 Super are as follows:

It can be seen from the above table that RTX 2060 Super has the largest improvement. If RTX 2060 is removed, there will be a huge vacuum between RTX 2060 Super and GTX 1660 Ti, so RTX 2060 Super will coexist with RTX 2060 after it is listed. In terms of price, RTX2060 Super is priced at $399, which is $50 more expensive than RTX 2060.

After the RTX 2070/2080 Super is officially launched and distributed, the price is completely consistent with the original RTX 2070/2080, that is, the quantity will not increase, and RTX 2070/2080 will completely withdraw from the market.

Screenshot of RTX 2060 Super GPU-Z

Screenshot of RTX 2070 SuperGPU-Z.

Second, RTX 2060 Super picture appreciation: classic double-fan gas stove shape

RTX series graphics cards come down in one continuous line in the shape of gas stoves, and the Super suffix behind RTX 2060 is particularly eye-catching.

On the back, there is an integrated metal backboard that is very weighty and looks good in texture, which can assist heat dissipation and reinforce the graphics card. The Logo of "RTX 2060 Super" is also indispensable in the middle.

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2 DP1.4, 1 HDMI2.0, 1 DVI and 1 Type-C interface.

RTX 2060 Super is difficult to dismantle. After dismantling, it is found that its structural design is almost exactly the same as RTX 2070.

Because the PCB board is short, the 8Pin power supply port of RTX 2060 Super is not welded on the PCB board, but fixed on the backplane through an extension line.

RTX 2060 Super adopts 6+2 phase power supply design, which is also exactly the same as the RTX 2070 published in public.

Back of PCB board.

The core of TU106-410-A1, without A, is slightly castrated on the complete TU106, with 34 groups of SM units, 2,176 stream processors, 272 Tensor Core and 34 RT Core. The fundamental frequency is 1470MHz, and the Boost frequency is 1650MHz.

The memory uses GDDR6 particles from Meguiar’s, with a frequency of 14000MHz and a single capacity of 1GB. A total of 8 particles make up 256Bit 8GB, and the memory bandwidth reaches 448 GB/s.

Third, RTX 2070 Super Picture Appreciation: The appearance and internal structure are almost exactly the same as RTX 2080.

The same double-fan gas stove shape, the "RTX 2070 Super”Logo in the middle is particularly eye-catching.

The standard video interface has two DP 1.4, two HDMI 2.0 and a type-C.

Bottom view.

Top view.

After disassembly, it can be seen that the structure completely follows the design of RTX 2080 public edition.

Theoretically, the heat dissipation efficiency of the soaking cavity heat dissipation plate is much better than that of the heat pipe, and there is a large amount of heat conduction adhesive on it, which can make the radiator perfectly fit every heating element on the PCB, and the graphics card will not be overheated in a certain part.

The PCB body after disassembling the fan heater is exactly the same as the PCB board of RTX 2080. The power supply part adopts the power supply scheme of 8-phase core +2-phase memory, and a large number of high-end tantalum capacitors are used.

The TU104-410-A1 core, which is also a version without A factory overclocking, is slightly castrated on the complete TU104, and has 40 groups of SM units, 2,560 stream processors, 320 Tensor Core and 40 RT Core. The fundamental frequency is 1605MHz, and the Boost frequency is 1770MHz.

The memory uses GDDR6 particles from Meguiar’s, with a frequency of 14000MHz and a single capacity of 1GB. A total of 8 particles make up 256Bit 8GB, and the memory bandwidth reaches 448 GB/s.

Fourth, theoretical performance test: 3DMark results are for reference only.

The test platform is as follows:

3DMark Time Spy

The first is RTX 2060 Super. In the test of 3DMark Time Spy with 2K resolution, the graphics score of RTX 2060 Super reached 8718 points, the core temperature reached 73℃, the core running frequency was 1890MHz, and the maximum power consumption of graphics card reached 179W W.

In the 4K resolution 3DMark Time Spy Extreme test, the RTX 2060 Super graphics score reached 4069, the highest core temperature was 73℃, the highest core operating frequency was 1890MHz, and the maximum power consumption of the graphics card reached 179W W..

Next up is RTX 2070 Super:

In the test of 3DMark Time Spy with 2K resolution, the RTX 2070 Super graphics score reached 10192, the core temperature was 71℃, the core running frequency was 1920MHz, and the maximum power consumption of the graphics card reached 220W W..

In the 3DMark Time Spy test with 4K resolution, the RTX 2070 Super graphics score reached 4674, the highest core temperature was 71℃, the highest core operating frequency was 1920MHz, and the maximum power consumption of the graphics card reached 217W.

In the 3DMark Time Spy test, RTX 2060 Super runs 1109 points higher than TX 2060 with a leading range of 14.6% at the resolution of 2K; When it reaches 4K resolution, it can lead by 606 points, with a leading range of 17.5%.

RTX 2070 Super is 961 points higher than RTX 2070 at 2K resolution, leading by 10.4%. At 4K resolution, it can lead by 381 points, leading by 9%.

3DMark

The 3DMark Fire Strike test program was born in 2013, but it is not suitable for testing the latest graphics card. The following results may not necessarily reflect the real performance of the graphics card, and are for reference only. Limited to space, only screenshots of 2K scores are shown here.

First of all, RTX 2060 Super. In the 2K resolution 3DMark Extreme test, the graphics score of RTX 2060 Super is 10062, the core temperature is 65℃, the core running frequency is 1965MHz, and the maximum power consumption of graphics card is 177W W.

In the 3DMark Extreme test with 2K resolution, the RTX 2070 Super graphics score is 11569, the core temperature is 60℃, the core running frequency is 1965MHz, and the maximum power consumption of the graphics card is 214W W..

In 3DMark test, RTX 2060 Super runs 1361 points higher than TX 2060 at 2K resolution, leading by 15.6%. When it reaches 4K resolution, it can lead by 924 points, with a leading range of 22%.

RTX 2070 Super is 1013 points higher than RTX 2070 at 2K resolution, leading by 9.6%. At 4K resolution, it can lead by 664 points, with a leading range of 12.7%.

3DMark Port Royal

By default, 2K resolution was used in the Port Royal test. RTX2060 Super scored 4,961 points, and the frame rate was only 23FPS, which was not smooth.

RTX2070 Super scored 5867 and the frame rate was 27.16FPS.

In the 3DMark Port Royal test, RTX2060 Super is 932 points higher than RTX 2060, with a leading range of 22%. RTX2070 Super is 614 points higher than RTX 2070, leading by 12%.

In addition, with the update and evolution of drivers, the scores of all RTX graphics cards in this test of 3DMark Port Royal are about 6-10% higher than those of half a year ago. For example, the score of RTX 2070 was about 4,800 in early 2019, and now it has increased to 5,253.

V. 1080P resolution test: RTX 2060 Super can lead GTX 1080 by 9%.

In the game test, we selected 12 mainstream games, including such popular masterpieces as Apex Hero, Survival of the Jedi, The Devil May Cry 5 and Assassin’s Creed: Odyssey.

Apex hero

This is a free escape game launched by EA, which was released on February 5, 2019. At present, the number of players has exceeded 30 million, and it has the trend of replacing Jedi Survival as the hottest chicken-eating game.

"Apex Hero" does not provide a test program. In order to reduce the interference of variables during the test, we choose to test the frame number in the training ground, and manually adjust it to the highest image quality during the test. The frame rate we recorded in the training ground is close to that in actual combat, so it has certain reference value.

In Apex Hero, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 136FPS, which is 13 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 23 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 154FPS, which is 15 frames more than RTX 2070 and 15 frames more than GTX 1080 Ti.

GTA V

"GTA V" landed on the PC platform in 2015, and the sales volume of the whole platform has exceeded 100 million. It is the most successful single-machine masterpiece in the past 10 years, and it is still popular.

Manually adjust the picture quality to the highest special effect, turn on MSAA 2X and NVIDIA TXAA, with a resolution of 1920×1080 and a memory occupation of 3422M.

GTA 5 is a CPU-hungry game. The seven graphics cards tested at 1080P resolution can’t widen the gap. The frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 102FPS, which is 7 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 2 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 107FPS, 2 frames more than RTX 2070, and the frame rate is the same as GTX 1080 Ti.

Assassin’s Creed: Odyssey.

This is the eighth main series of Assassin’s Creed and the sequel to the 2017 game Assassin’s Creed: Origin. The game tells the secret fictional history of the Peloponnesian War between ancient Greek city-states in 431 BC.

In Assassin’s Creed: Odyssey, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 63FPS, which is 4 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 3 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 70FPS, which is 5 frames more than RTX 2070 and 3 frames more than GTX 1080 Ti.

Cry of the Island 5

Cry on the Island 5 is a first-person shooter game made by Ubisoft, which has a high degree of freedom and a strong sense of substitution.

In Crysis 5, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 120FPS, which is 11 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 7 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 129FPS, which is 7 frames more than RTX 2070 and 1 frame less than GTX 1080 Ti.

Tomb Raider: Shadow

Tomb Raider: Shadow is an action adventure game produced by Eidos Montreal Studio. This game is the third in the series of the restarted Tomb Raider, which was officially released on September 15, 2018. At present, the tour can support RTX series graphics card DLSS and ray tracing technology.

In Tomb Raider: Shadow, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 100FPS, which is 12 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 8 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 119FPS, which is 14 frames more than RTX 2070 and 5 frames more than GTX 1080 Ti.

devil may cry 5

The Devil May Cry 5 is an action adventure game developed by Japanese CAPCOM. It is an orthodox sequel to devil may cry 4. The story happened after devil may cry 4 and was released on March 8, 2019.

Similarly, "The Devil May Cry 5" does not provide a test program. In order to make the test data more objective, we select a more complicated segment in the opening animation of the second chapter, record it for 20 seconds with Fraps, and obtain the average frame rate. Most of the cutscenes of "The Devil May Cry 5" are calculated by GPU in real time, so it can also accurately reflect the real running performance of GPU in this game.

In The Devil May Cry 5, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 176FPS, which is 23 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 11 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 183FPS, which is one frame more than that of RTX 2070 and the same as that of GTX 1080 Ti.

PlayerUnknown’s Battlegrounds

Although it has been on sale for a year, Jedi Survival is still one of the hottest PC games at present. After several optimizations by Blue Hole Studio, it can now fully support 6-core processors.

Because there is no test program in this game, we chose an unmanned field in the training ground and repeated the frame rate test several times to confirm that the difference between the results obtained each time is within 2%.

In Survival of the Jedi, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 139FPS, which is 9 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 10 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 164FPS, which is 13 frames more than RTX 2070 and 4 frames more than GTX 1080 Ti.

Overwatch

In Watching Pioneer, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 220FPS, which is 7 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 8 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 250FPS, which is 18 frames faster than RTX 2070, but 21 frames less than GTX 1080Ti.

Break through the tight encirclement: human division

Breakthrough: Human Divide is a next-generation FPS game developed by Square Enix for PS4, which requires the highest graphics performance among the games tested at present. When testing, it was manually adjusted to the highest image quality of ALL MAX, with a resolution of 1080P and an anti-aliasing level of 0aa.

In Breaking Through: Human Division, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 77FPS, which is 9 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 2 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 89FPS, which is 9 frames more than RTX 2070 and 5 frames lower than GTX 1080 Ti.

The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt

Wizard 3 is the third game in the series of Wizards, and it is also the finale of Geralt’s adventure. Layer won the best story, best visual design and best game moment in the 33rd Golden Rocker Award, and also won the best game of IGN IGN 2015, which was manually adjusted to the highest quality during the test.

In Wizard 3, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 86FPS, which is 8 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 6 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 104FPS, which is 16 frames more than RTX 2070 and 7 frames more than GTX 1080 Ti.

Battlefield 5

Battlefield 5 is the first game that supports real-time ray tracing technology, and a new update was pushed on February 13th, which can support DLSS deep learning anti-aliasing. At this point, Turing GPU finally ushered in a stand-alone masterpiece that can support RTX+DLSS at the same time.

In Battlefield 5, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 117FPS, which is 12 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 7 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 132FPS, which is 14 frames more than RTX 2070 and 1 frame faster than GTX 1080 Ti.

Middle-earth: the shadow of war

In Middle-Earth: Shadow of War, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 113FPS, which is 15 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 12 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 124FPS, which is 9 frames more than RTX 2070 and 1 frame slower than GTX 1080 Ti.

It will be convenient for everyone to compare and summarize the test results as follows:

At the resolution of 1080P, RTX 2060 Super can have a frame rate of more than 100FPS in most games, which is 10% ahead of RTX 2060 and 7% ahead of GTX 1080 in performance.

RTX 2070 Super has a performance advantage of 10% compared with RTX 2070, and can lead by 1% compared with GTX 1080 Ti.

In addition, it should be mentioned that the game "APEX Hero" is not friendly to the old card. The performance of GTX 1080 Ti is equivalent to that of RTX 2060 Super, but it also lags behind RTX 2070 Super.

6. 2K resolution test: the performance of RTX 2070 Super is almost identical to that of GTX 1080 Ti.

APEX hero

In Apex Hero, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 100FPS, which is 11 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 19 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 115FPS, which is 14 frames more than RTX 2070 and 14 frames more than GTX 1080 Ti.

GTA V

In GTA 5, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 82FPS, which is 8 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 3 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 91FPS, which is 6 frames more than RTX 2070 and 2 frames less than GTX 1080 Ti.

Assassin’s Creed: Odyssey.

In Assassin’s Creed: Odyssey, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 53FPS, which is 6 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 5 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 54FPS, which is 4 frames more than RTX 2070 and 3 frames less than GTX 1080 Ti.

Cry of the Island 5

In Crysis 5, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 88FPS, which is 10 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 6 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 100FPS, which is 9 frames more than RTX 2070 and 2 frames less than GTX 1080 Ti.

Tomb Raider: Shadow

In Tomb Raider: Shadow, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 68FPS, which is 9 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 6 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 81FPS, which is 10 frames more than RTX 2070 and 4 frames more than GTX 1080 Ti.

devil may cry 5

In The Devil May Cry 5, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 118FPS, which is 14 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 5 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 126FPS, which is one more frame than RTX 2070 and one more frame than GTX 1080 Ti.

PlayerUnknown’s Battlegrounds

In Survival of the Jedi, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 101FPS, which is 12 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 9 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 117FPS, which is 15 frames more than RTX 2070 and 2 frames more than GTX 1080 Ti.

Overwatch

In Watching Pioneer, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 144FPS, which is 7 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 2 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 168FPS, which is 17 frames faster than RTX 2070, but 19 frames less than GTX 1080.

Break through the tight encirclement: human division

In Breaking Through: Human Division, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 54FPS, which is 6 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 2 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 63FPS, which is 7 frames more than RTX 2070 and 3 frames lower than GTX 1080 Ti.

The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt

In Wizard 3, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 69FPS, which is 7 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 4 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 83FPS, which is 12 frames more than RTX 2070 and 2 frames more than GTX 1080 Ti.

Battlefield 5

In Battlefield 5, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 89FPS, which is 10 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 9 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 99FPS, which is 6 frames more than RTX 2070 and 1 frame less than GTX 1080 Ti.

Middle-earth: the shadow of war

In Middle-Earth: Shadow of War, the frame rate of RTX 2060 Super is 78FPS, which is 10 frames higher than RTX 2060 and 9 frames higher than GTX 1080.

The frame rate of RTX 2070 Super is 91FPS, which is 10 frames more than RTX 2070 and one frame faster than GTX 1080 Ti.

It will be convenient for everyone to compare and summarize the test results as follows:

At 2K resolution, RTX 2060 Super can have a frame rate of over 60FPS in most games, which is 13.5% ahead of RTX 2060 and 9% ahead of GTX 1080 in performance.

Compared with RTX 2070, RTX 2070 Super has 11% performance advantage, and is completely equivalent to GTX 1080 Ti in performance.

Limited by space, we will summarize the test results of 4K resolution in the following table, and will not elaborate them one by one.

4K resolution is not competent for the performance of RTX 2060 Super. At this resolution, it can lead RTX 2060 by 16% and GTX 1080 10% 10%.

RTX 2070 Super performed a little better. Except for Assassin’s Creed: Odyssey, Tomb Raider: Shadow and Breaking Through: Human Divide, in the other nine single-player masterpieces, it can achieve a frame rate above 50FPS with the highest special effects, slightly reducing some special effects, and 60FPS is not difficult.

In terms of performance, RTX 2070 Super can lead RTX 2070 by 11%, which is just 1% stronger than GTX 1080 Ti.

With the same resolution as 1080P, Pascal GPU performed very badly in APEX Hero, and the frame rate of GTX 1080 Ti was only equivalent to that of RTX 2060 Super, far behind the user RTX 2070 Super. If this game is excluded, the overall performance of GTX 1080 Ti can be at least equal to RTX 2070 Super.

Seven, overclocking test: the core can exceed 150MHz, and the performance is improved by 7%.

As is known to all, Boost 4.0 has given full play to the potential of graphics cards to a certain extent, resulting in a very small overclocking space for Turing graphics cards. In the first evaluation last year, the overclocking performance of RTX 2080 was not very good. RTX 2070 Super uses the same GPU core as RTX 2080, and its foundation and acceleration frequency are much higher than RTX 2080, so how much overclocking space does it have?

The result is quite unexpected. The core frequency of RTX 2070 Super can be further increased by 150MHz, the video memory frequency can be increased from 14GHz to 15GHz, and the video memory bandwidth is 480 GB/s..

After overclocking, the graphics score of RTX 2070 Super in 3DMark Time Spy increased from the default of 11569 to 12419, an increase of 850 points and an increase of 7%. The maximum operating frequency is 2085MHz, the maximum temperature is 64 degrees, and the maximum operating power consumption is 222W W.

The core frequency of RTX 2060 Super can be further increased by 160MHz, and the video memory frequency can be increased from 14GHz to 15GHz, with a video memory bandwidth of 480 GB/s..

After overclocking, the graphics score of RTX 2070 Super in 3DMark Time Spy increased from the default of 10062 to 10842, an increase of 780 points and an increase of 7.7%. The maximum operating frequency is 2115MHz, the maximum temperature is 75 degrees, and the maximum operating power consumption is 178W W.

Eight, power consumption and temperature test: baking machine up to 75 degrees.

1. Power consumption test

As far as TDP is concerned, RTX 2060 Super 175W is 15 W higher than RTX 2060. The RTX 2070 Super has reached 215W, which is 40W higher than RTX 2070 and only 10W lower than RTX 2080′ s 225W W..

The power consumption of the whole machine during standby, game and FurMark baking machine was tested respectively. The power supply used in the test was extremely cold V850 platinum brand power supply.

In terms of standby power consumption, all seven graphics cards are around 70W.

When running Wizard 3, the power consumption of RTX 2070 Super is 336W, which is 28W higher than RTX 2070 and nearly 50 W lower than GTX 1080 Ti. While RTX 2060 Super is just 15W higher than RTX 2060.

When using Furmark baking machine, the power consumption of RTX 2070 Super is 330W, which is 22 W higher than that of RTX 2070. The power consumption of RTX 2060 Super is 298W, which is 13W higher than that of RTX 2060.

2. Temperature test:

Furmark was used to test the baking machine, and the room temperature was 26 degrees.

Furmark’s parameters are set to 1920*1080 resolution and 0AA. After running for 10 minutes, the temperature curve of RTX 2060Super is almost in a straight line, which is stable at 75 degrees, and the maximum fan speed is about 53% 1961RPM. The power consumption is also 100%, reaching 175 watts.

Furmark, also running for 10 minutes, RTX 2070 Super has a stable temperature of 74 degrees, a maximum fan speed of about 52% and a power consumption of about 210W watts.

Nine, summary: RTX 2060/2070 Super performance improvement beyond imagination.

At this point, the test was officially over. When NVIDIA initially told us that the performance of RTX 2070 Super was comparable to that of GTX 1080 Ti, we didn’t quite believe it. As far as the previous RTX 2070 is concerned, its performance is only slightly better than GTX 1080, and there is a big performance gap between it and GTX 1080 Ti. However, the test results verify NVIDIA’s statement.In our test, the performance of RTX 2070 Super is almost identical to that of GTX 1080 Ti.

The reason for this result is that RTX 2070 Super has improved its specifications, and its performance has improved by about 11% compared with RTX 2070. Secondly, the optimization of Turing architecture by new drivers and new games is getting better and better. For example, the frame rate performance of "APEX Hero" RTX 2060 Super is equivalent to that of GTX 1080 Ti.

As for RTX 2060 Super, its evolution is more radical, and it has directly increased the memory capacity to 8GB, and the memory bit width has also increased from 192Bit to 256Bit. Its performance has been greatly improved, which has gone beyond the category of dessert cards, far beyond GTX 1080, and the gap between it and RTX 2070 is very small. Such performance may surprise RX 5700, after all, the latter’s performance is only the benchmark RTX 2060.

As the iconic core technology of RTX graphics card-ray tracing and DLSS deep anti-aliasing, more and more games are now supported, such as Tomb Raider: Shadow, Battlefield 5, Subway: Leaving, Sword Net 3, Against the Water, etc., which have all been supported by ray tracing and DLSS technology. Due to the limited time, we have not made detailed tests and are interested.

Finally, we show the performance of RTX2060/2070 Super with a bar chart, so that everyone can see the performance difference between various graphics cards more intuitively.

　

　

　

The prices of RTX 2060 Super, RTX 2070 Super and RTX 2080 Super Founders Edition are 3,199 yuan, 3,999 yuan and 5,699 yuan respectively. Students who want to buy cards at a low price can wait for the non-public version of AIC, which will also be officially listed for sale on July 9.

　　This is no longer an era when officials can override everything and settle all disputes with one hand. The Internet era is an era of democracy. Officials’ words, deeds and behaviors are already under the supervision and comment of the network-they are supervised by the trend and welcomed by netizens; If you don’t want to be supervised against the trend, you will be forced to strip off your clothes by the torrent of the internet and human flesh search. Digging deep into the ground, human flesh search and network supervision are a great test for cadres. It is like a microscope, more like a touchstone. The problem information is easily detected by keen netizens, and officials should stand up to the most demanding examination and supervision of the network. Editor of this issue: Zhang Tuoya

　　【Chexun. com reported】 What is exam-oriented education? Educational thoughts and educational behaviors aimed at coping with entrance examination test test students’ academic level by the rate of entrance examination. So, what about the design, workmanship and exam-oriented education of vehicles? Why did the editor make such an evaluation? Take it easy, let’s take our time.

　　Points are the lifeblood of students; I believe that anyone will have a deep feeling about this. No matter what personal ability, everything depends on the hero of exam scores. A high score is a "good student" and a failure is a "bad student". Bump, the lifeblood of a car; For automobile products, it is also facing the test of various crash tests. If a model with outstanding appearance performance but low crash score is placed in front of you, it is estimated that it will not be purchased. Getting a high C-NCAP collision score in China is like getting a diploma from a famous university, so it’s no wonder that those who get an overseas NCAP diploma are complacent. Naturally, parents are also full of face and confidence. But exams are dead, and people are alive. Some parents will be "smart" to teach their children how to cope with the exam content. Next, we will learn what the new Sylphy students have learned under the guidance of "parents". Has morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor been fully developed?

　　Bumper structure score before vehicle protection: 6 points

　　The new Xuanyi bumper structure is composed of bumper skin, low-speed cushioning foam and metal bumper iron with energy-absorbing box, which is made of iron. Aside from the boring data, the quality of the bar iron can not be distinguished from the thickness, which is also directly related to the structure and material. Generally, our common bumper is made of iron. Considering the lightweight design, the models will be made of aluminum alloy, and the structural design of bar iron is mostly bow-shaped. We can clearly see that the front joint of the bumper has rusted, but it will not affect its function.

　　The energy-absorbing box is also a good companion of bumper iron. At present, most of the dismantled models will have energy-absorbing boxes behind bumper iron. The function of energy-absorbing box is unusual. In the actual collision, it is mainly folded and absorbed by this component to transfer collision energy. To maximize the protection of the body rail and other important components. Bumpers and energy-absorbing boxes are like the muscle tissue of human body, and they hit the muscular man and the sparerib man equally. If the ribs of the sparerib man are broken, the muscular man may be safe. When the strength is too great for the anti-collision beam and energy-absorbing box to bear, it is necessary to rely on the structural strength of the car body to resist. When it is hit by a large force, the role of the bumper is only 10%. The most solid part is the car skeleton, like the human skeleton. As for the new sylphy skeleton, we will introduce it later.

　　Careful netizens will find a problem. Is it strange to connect the energy-absorbing box? The following picture of the new sylphy bar iron is the new sagitar bumper structure. Observing that there is no gap between the energy-absorbing box and the flange, it is a face-to-face connection, while the new sylphy adopts a point-to-point connection. At this time, a question arises in the editor’s mind. For a single bar iron structure, if this connection mode collides, will it cause the energy-absorbing box and the flange to fall off, thus affecting the energy-absorbing effect?

　　FAW-Volkswagen new sagitar bumper iron

　　Just now we mentioned the problem of collision force transmission, and we will continue to consolidate this concept here. The front is impacted, and the front bumper distributes the force to the energy-absorbing boxes on both sides, and then transmits it to the left and right front side rails, and then to the vehicle body. The front longitudinal beam is the only medium between the bumper and the middle of the car body. In order to ensure the uniform dispersion of the force, the size and strength of the common left and right front longitudinal beams are designed to be the same. But have you ever heard that the left and right longitudinal beams are not as thick as each other? Don’t be surprised, the new sylphy is!

　　The width of the left longitudinal beam of XinXuanYi is 58mm, and the width of the right longitudinal beam is 40mm. Why is the difference so wide? Is it the design requirement or something else? Before the analysis, let’s get familiar with the test items of C-NCAP. C-NCAP mainly tests the frontal collision test of 100% overlapping rigid barrier, frontal collision of 40% overlapping deformable barrier (driver’s side) and lateral collision test of deformable moving barrier. Does the red font attract your attention? The position of 40% offset collision is the driver’s side, that is, the left side. Can we think that the left longitudinal beam is designed to be wider because of the greatest impact force in the event of collision, and the right longitudinal beam is not in the scope of examination, which can save materials? If the 40% offset collision is increased on the right side, what about the performance of the new Sylphy? This problem can only be explained by the manufacturer.

　　Editor’s summary: The structural design of the front bumper is special in that the energy-absorbing box is connected point to point, and there is doubt about the firmness during collision; I personally think that the design of the front longitudinal beam with different thicknesses is this "lightweight" an innovative design? Imagine if the right side 40% offset collision test is added, will the existing structural design be continued?

　　On the morning of April 2, the 408 train of Taitung Railway "Taroko" derailed when it went to the Dashuishui Tunnel in Hualien County. The Central Radio and Television General Station continued to pay attention to the report of Taiwan Province Radio Station’s Voice of the Sea and the new media platform of "Looking at the Taiwan Strait". The Voice of the Sea first launched a special column "Directly Attacking the Taiwan Railway Accident: Finding the Families of the Casualties", rolling out the rescue progress and casualties sent by the reporters stationed at the General Station at the scene of the accident, and announcing the hotline to help find the families of the casualties; The new media platform of "Looking at the Taiwan Strait" was released simultaneously at home and abroad. Related reports have been highly concerned by listeners and netizens at home and abroad. Many Taiwan Province listeners praised "The Voice of Taiwan and the Sea is a radio station with temperature" and "The hearts of compatriots on both sides of the strait are closely connected through radio waves and the Internet".

　　In the past few days, the voice of Taiwan and the new media platform of "Looking at the Taiwan Strait" have been closely linked, and "Sudden! The Taiwan Railway train derailed.
Several lives are at stake and many people are injured. The spokesman of the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council expressed great concern about the 408 train derailment accident of the Taroko. The latest news of the derailment of the Taiwan Railway! 48 people showed no signs of life and 118 people were injured. The column "Direct Strike on the Taiwan Railway Accident: Looking for the Families of the Casualties" was launched by Voice of Taiwan. May the deceased rest in peace
The injured are safe. Mainland netizens are concerned about the casualties of the Taiwan Railway accident. The rescue work has come to an end temporarily. The cause of the accident has been initially identified. The rescuers who directly connected the Taiwan Railway train derailment accident on the spot have blood thicker than water.
More than ten reports, such as listening to friends on both sides of the strait and worrying about compatriots killed by the Taiwan Railway. At the first time, exclusive news such as "List of some victims of the 408 train derailment accident of Taitung Taroko" and "List of some injured people of the 408 train derailment accident of Taitung Taroko" were broadcast; Interview the only mainland passenger who was slightly injured in the accident at the first time, and broadcast an exclusive interview with "The Voice of the Sea at the Central Radio and Television General Station: The injured land was interviewed."

Recall the moment of the Taiwan Railway accident. Once the relevant reports were published, they attracted widespread attention from the media at home and abroad, and they were reprinted and quoted one after another. Hundreds of Taiwan Province listeners either called or posted messages asking about the casualties and expressing their concern.

　　On April 3rd, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader expressed his condolences to the victims of the Taiwan Province Railway accident, and expressed condolences to the families of the victims and injured compatriots. After the launch of the headquarters network, the voice of Taiwan and the new media of "Looking at the Taiwan Strait" were released at the first time, spreading the concerns of General Secretary of the Supreme Leader to the people of and the global audience, which triggered a warm response.

△ Macau Citizen Daily: General Secretary of the Supreme Leader expressed condolences to the victims in Taiwan.

△ Pakistan Economic Net: General Secretary of the Supreme Leader expressed condolences to the victims.

△ "Looking at the Taiwan Strait" WeChat public number

△ CCTV news client

　　According to statistics, the special report of the Voice of Taiwan Sea and the new media platform of "Looking at the Taiwan Strait" and the related report of the General Station have been spread and released twice in domestic new media, with a magnification of 146 times and a total reading page view of 304 million times. Among them, the related content of "Directly Attacking the Taiwan Railway Accident: Looking for the Families of the Casualties" was read and viewed 1.57 million times, and the key manuscripts such as "List of some victims of the 408th train derailment accident of the Taiwan Railway" were read and viewed more than 2.85 million times in the CCTV news client and the two micro accounts of the main station.

Xiamen Studio of Voice of Taiwan Sea also cooperated with Taiwanese business associations in Fujian, Xiamen and other mainland countries to launch activities such as offering love to the victims of the Taiwan Railway accident. As of April 5, the relevant pledged amount has reached nearly 200,000 yuan.

△ The Voice of Taiwan and the Taiwan Business Association of the Mainland offer love to the victims of the Taiwan Railway accident.

　　A number of mainstream media in Hong Kong and Macao reported the condolences of the Supreme Leader General Secretary to our compatriots in Taiwan Province in the news pages, and also reported on Taiwan Voice’s column to help find the families of the victims. Hong Kong wenhui network, Dagong.com, Sing Tao Global Network, China Review News Network, Hong Kong News Network, Hong Kong Bauhinia, HK Me and My Motherland, Hong Kong HK+, Macau Daily, Citizen Daily and Lotus Times, Media such as American Business News Network, Singapore Lianhe Zaobao, Malaysia Lianhe Daily, Guanghua Daily, Indonesia International Daily, Japanese Chinese Business Network, Nordic Times, Portugal’s Portuguese New Newspaper, Ouqiao.com, Greece-China.com, New Zealand United Daily News, West Africa Online, etc. have also reported the condolences of the Supreme Leader issued by the Voice of Taiwan, and the voice of Taiwan is concerned with the compatriots who were killed or injured in the Taiwan Railway accident.　

△ Hong Kong Wen Wei Po

△ Ta Kung Pao

△ Hong Kong wenhui network

△ Dagong.com

△ Dagong.com

△ Sing Tao Global Network

△ China Review News Network

△ China Review News Network

△ Hong Kong News Network

△ Hong Kong "Bauhinia"

△ bus report

△HK me and my motherland

△Hong kong "HK+"

△Macao daily

△Macao Citizen Daily

△Macau Lotus Times

△American business news network

△Singapore Lianhe Zaobao Chinese website

△Singapore Lianhe Zaobao Chinese website

△Malaysia Lianhe Daily

△Guanghua Daily, Malaysia

△Indonesia International Daily

△Japan Chinese Business Network

△Nordic times

△Portuguese new newspaper

△Ouqiao net

△Xizhong. com

△New Zealand United Daily News

△West Africa online

　　The Taiwan Railway accident deeply touched the hearts of compatriots on both sides of the strait. Voice of Taiwan and the new media platform "Looking at Taiwan Strait" launched a column.Direct attack on Taiwan railway accident: looking for the families of the casualtiesAfter the contact information is published,Hundreds of cross-strait listeners either call the hotline of Taiwan Voice of the Sea or post messages on new media platforms.Concerned about the latest progress of accident rescue, expressing condolences and condolences to the casualties of the accident, and conveying concerns and greetings to relatives on the island.Jiangxi Yichun GaoanofMr. LuoI called the voice of Taiwan Sea at the first time to express my thoughts on my uncle’s family who had not been in contact for a long time in Taiwan Province.Taiwan Province May singer Yang PinhuaThank friends on both sides of the strait for their condolences on the online platform, pray for the injured, observe silence for the deceased, and forward the phone number of the voice of Taiwan and the sea to find relatives;Taiwan Province Xinbei listens to friends and family.Calling the hotline of the Voice of Taiwan Sea said that the blood of compatriots on both sides of the strait is thicker than water, and the Voice of Taiwan Sea is a radio station with temperature, which made him very moved.

△Taiwan Province May singer Yang Pinhua left a message on the online platform.

△Taiwan Province Xinbei listens to friends and calls the voice of Taiwan Sea.

△ Netizens leave a message on the new media platform of the reception desk to pray for their compatriots.

　　Lin Boyan, President of Zhangzhou Taiwanese Investment Enterprise Association.Calling Taiwan Voice said that compatriots on both sides of the strait are a family whose blood is thicker than water. On behalf of the vast number of Taiwan compatriots in Zhangzhou, I would like to express my deep condolences to the compatriots who died in this accident and express my sincere condolences to the injured and the families of the victims.Tang Yushu, former chairman of Hualien County Tourist Hotel Business Association and director of Hualien Tourism Promotion Association.He said that all Taiwan Province compatriots felt the same way when they heard the special report of the Voice of the Sea, the general radio and television station of the Central Committee, and heard the deep concern and care of so many compatriots in the mainland. I sincerely hope that the tragedy of the Taiwan Railway accident will make people on both sides of the strait care for each other and warm each other.Lai Lianjin, President of Taiwan Province South China NewsHe said that he was very touched when he heard the program "Directly Attacking the Taiwan Railway Accident: Looking for the Families of the Casualties" broadcast by the Voice of Taiwan Sea on the AM549 radio wave in Taiwan Province. The mainland listened to the greetings from friends and netizens, and he was deeply impressed that the two sides of the strait are a family separated by only a strip of water.Peking University Taisheng Wang YuhanIn the message, I said that I saw many mainland friends are very concerned about this matter through the "Looking at the Taiwan Strait" public number, and I feel the goodwill of my compatriots. I feel very gratified and hope that there will be no more natural and man-made disasters.Taiwan Province young Ficus virensThe message said that the special report launched by the "Looking at the Taiwan Strait" platform enabled him to quickly grasp the progress of the incident. He has recommended this platform to many friends on the island.

1905 movie network news　A few days ago, an animated film held its premiere in Beijing. At the event, GG Bond dolls appeared in surprise, not only interacting with the audience "with love", but also showing "exclusive kung fu", which made people recall the wonderful battle moment between the Five Spirits and the villains in the film.

At the end of the premiere, GG Bond’s dolls were pleasantly surprised. They not only brought their own "Kung Fu" into the audience, but also showed their "exclusive Kung Fu" in the interactive session. The reappearance of Chinese style elements made the atmosphere warm. As a national animation IP accompanying generation after generation, GG Bond’s theme song is also deeply rooted in people’s hearts. In the interactive session, in order to express their love for GG Bond, children sang the song "GG Bond" which appeared in the film and was familiar to many people, which triggered the audience to "sing along", and the GG Bond doll also "danced" in the song, and the scene was filled with a happy atmosphere.

In addition, many viewers were "circled" by the Five Spirits during the movie. In the post-screening questions, some people said that they wanted to be GG Bond, "because he can protect his companions every time", others said that they wanted to be Nana, "because she has great strength and can protect her friends", and some even answered that they wanted to be a doctor.

GG Bond Movie Star Action tells the story of the Holy Grail of Notes, which was lost by Pig Star for a hundred years, but now it has appeared on the earth. In order to defeat the invaders of the universe and protect the peace between Pig Star and the universe, the Five Spirits have to go to the earth to find the lost Holy Grail of Notes, and the arrival of the Five Spirits is accompanied by villains who try to prevent them from finding the Holy Grail to protect the planet, and a vigorous adventure begins. "Let’s watch GG Bond on May 1st, let’s laugh together", and the film will officially land in the national cinema on May 1st.

　　Core tips

　　On August 27th, 2019 Zhibo Fair entered the second day, and the splendid exhibitions opened the eyes of the public. Modern information technology represented by the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, etc. is changing with each passing day. The "high-level" intelligent technology has been applied to all fields of social life, and the door of the intelligent era has been opened … …

　　Self-help physical examination

　　Health can be measured by the "sentry box" station.

　　You can know your health status by standing on the street or in a "sentry box" in a hospital? On August 27th, in the exhibition area of Langyi Medical in Zhibo Fair, a new type of self-help intelligent health (first aid) service kiosk attracted many citizens — — Standing in the service booth, you can quickly check your health and give medical advice.

　　"Self-help smart health (first aid) service kiosk is one of the series products of self-help physical examination for residents developed by us." The person in charge of Langyi Medical Equipment Co., Ltd. introduced that the service kiosk has four characteristics.

　　First, self-help health management can be carried out. It can accurately collect blood pressure, height and weight, BMI, blood oxygen, body temperature, pulse rate, ECG and other tests at any time and anywhere, and it is intelligent, fast, convenient and easy to use.

　　Second, it can be used as a public health first aid platform. The kiosk is equipped with the first-aid artifact "AED automatic intelligent defibrillator", which can improve the survival rate of patients with heart attack and has broad market potential.

　　Third, it can be used as a platform for Chinese medicine consultation and dietary evaluation. Through the 51-inch touch screen machine, you can have interactive experience of question and answer with users, self-help TCM constitution identification and TCM tongue diagnosis, daily dietary nutrition evaluation guidance and health question and answer, and improve users’ health knowledge and chronic disease health education.

　　Fourth, it can be used as an Internet family doctor contract management platform. Through the Internet and 5G technology, after connecting with the local public health system and family doctor signing platform, "Internet+medical care" is truly realized, which provides strong support for the construction of smart medical care.

　　At present, the latest self-help intelligent health (first aid) kiosks launched by this enterprise have been applied in Sichuan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongjing Community Hospital, Zhangjiagang-Jinxiang "Party-mass Service Center" and other places, and will be widely promoted in the future. (Chongqing Daily reporter Wang Xiang)

　　rehabilitation training

　　Robots enable patients to regain the "walking power"

　　Now patients can also carry out rehabilitation training by "playing games" online! At the Zhibo Fair, Qianjing Medical Equipment Co., Ltd. moved an intelligent medical equipment to Banan Exhibition Area. Patients only need to tie a protective belt and combine it with the robot, and then they can choose the corresponding mode to train.

　　"Lower extremity motor dysfunction is one of the common sequelae of patients with stroke, craniocerebral injury and spinal cord injury, and patients often cannot recover and accurately master walking motor skills." According to the relevant person in charge of Qianjing Medical Devices Co., Ltd., the rehabilitation robot can optimize the remodeling of patients’ brain motor function and help patients regain their walking skills.

　　"Left, left, a little further, okay, okay." The training of rehabilitation robot is more like playing a puzzle game. Patients can walk in a colorful virtual training ground for gait training and control virtual characters through walking movements.

　　And this "treadmill" also comes with its own "breakthrough" mode, which can be added with wonderful music to create a relaxed and vivid training atmosphere. (Wu Fengqiu, Rong Media Center, Banan District)

　　Trauma treatment

　　Database improves the rate of trauma treatment

　　What’s the condition of the trauma patient? What is the trauma score? On August 27th, at the Zhibo Fair, a large visual trauma data monitoring screen attracted a lot of attention. The jumping data on the screen will hopefully change the current situation of trauma treatment in China and increase the trauma treatment rate by 30%.

　　Trauma refers to the destruction of human tissues or organs caused by mechanical factors. According to statistics, more than 5 million people worldwide die of trauma every year. Under normal circumstances, after the trauma patients arrive at the hospital after emergency treatment, doctors begin to intervene in the diagnosis and treat them according to the degree of trauma, which takes about 10-20 minutes.

　　After the trauma database system is applied, the data input and trauma score of trauma patients have been synchronized while the doctors are conducting on-site first aid, and transmitted to the treatment hospital in time, so that the consulting doctors can know the condition in advance, and the injured can be treated directly according to the score after arriving at the hospital, thus improving the treatment rate.

　　After 7312 cases of trauma patients in 12 provinces, cities and 15 hospitals were tested, the system can save 14 minutes of emergency response time and 22 minutes of pre-hospital time on average.

　　"This debut is version 4.0 of the trauma database system." Lu Wenhu, the founding team of the trauma database and general manager of Yingjue Technology, said that this version has the functions of case entry, case inquiry, regional data management, data capture and report system, allowing users to analyze data online and generate user reports.

　　According to reports, Yingjue Technology has successfully signed a contract with Chongqing Emergency Medical Center and will jointly promote the construction of Chongqing Trauma Database Center. (Nan ‘an District Rong Media Center Chen Siyi)

　　Digital wenchuang

　　The map of a thousand miles across the country "moves"

　　How to make the cultural relics in the exhibition hall and the paintings in the scrolls "live"? Let’s go to the National Cultural Heritage Administration exhibition area in Hall S5 of Chongqing International Expo Center to open our eyes.

　　Stepping into the exhibition hall, a picture of a thousand miles of mountains and rivers came into view. Follow a flying crane on the screen, and enter the landscape-dependent picture scroll. In front of you, the mountains are rolling, the rivers are vast and misty, the fishing villages, waterside pavilions, pavilions and other quiet scenes are quiet, the boating, sightseeing, market gathering and other dynamic scenes are vivid, and the combination of dynamic and static is just right. It can be described as a thousand miles away, one step at a time.

　　On-site staff introduced that this is a digital exhibition project of thousands of miles of Jiangshan scrolls from the Palace Museum. Because of the preciousness and particularity of ancient paintings, the original national treasure "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" painted by Wang Ximeng in Song Dynasty is not suitable for public exhibition. Nowadays, with the help of digital technology, the mountains, waters, grass and trees in the painting have been engraved on the screen, giving more people a chance to see the elegance of this famous painting handed down from ancient times.

　　On the other side of the exhibition hall, Chongqing Hongyan Revolutionary History Museum also used digital display technology to "move" the oil painting "Zhou Enlai and His Friends" to the scene. Zhou Enlai and his friends interact on the display wall. Click on the characters on the screen, and the screen will pop up three options: introduction, photos and sharing, so that the audience can understand the stories of these historical figures more intuitively and in detail and share them.

　　In National Cultural Heritage Administration exhibition area, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, big data and interactive exhibition technology are everywhere. Science and technology make history "move" and "live", and various interesting and interactive designs greatly enhance the audience’s sense of participation and experience. (jiangjin district Rong Media Center Lu Xiao)

　　Intelligent tourism

　　Manned airship will take you to visit the two rivers in 2021.

　　Take a low-altitude airship to swim in the two rivers, and the citizens will experience it as soon as the year after next. At the Zhibo Fair, the person in charge of Chongqing China Communications Information Technology Co., Ltd., which is responsible for the operation of the project and the informationization of airships, introduced that Chongqing Liangjiang Tour will carry out a manned low-altitude airship sightseeing and tourism project, and it is expected that the test flight will be completed before June 2020, and it will be possible to travel to Liangjiang by manned airship in 2021.

　　Two rivers tour has always been the "fist" product of Chongqing tourism. It is understood that the manned airship two rivers tour will adopt "2+19 type", that is, 2 drivers and 19 spectators. At that time, passengers will fly slowly along the Yangtze River and Jialing River, blowing the river wind and watching the fantastic scenery of the mountain city from a new perspective of low altitude.

　　Using airship tourism as a new format of air tourism has the characteristics of low noise, large vision, smooth flight, safety, comfort and convenience. Manned low-altitude airships fly at a flying height of less than 300 meters, adopting a vertical take-off and landing mode, and the flat land can be used as a take-off and landing field without building an airport runway, which is cost-effective. (Nan ‘an District Rong Media Center Chen Siyi)

　　Intelligent house viewing

　　Use VR to see the house, you don’t have to run around.

　　If you rent a house or buy a house, you will have to go to the field to see the house because you are not at ease. At the Zhibo Fair, the "Rushi VR" in the "Regional Innovation" exhibition area of Hall S2 has been able to see the house in VR, and people no longer have to run around to see the house.

　　The reporter learned that "Rushi VR" is the first technical product in China to apply 3D real-life model reconstruction and virtual reality on a large scale in the real estate field. More importantly, "Rushi VR" is committed to using new technologies such as AI, VR and 3D reconstruction to effectively restore the details of real houses, allowing users to walk freely in the picture, creating an immersive intelligent viewing experience such as VR viewing, VR talking, VR taking and AI talking.

　　With such VR technology, renting and buying a house will become very convenient. When looking at the house, you can see the specific situation and all the details of the selected house through VR equipment, which is no different from the field viewing. (Xiao Guohui, Dazu District Media Center)

　　Police actual combat

　　The police exhibition area caught "bad guys" on the spot.

　　On the 27th, a group of special "spectators" came to Jiangbei Pavilion in S2 District. They are policemen of Jiangbei District Public Security Bureau, and they specially come to "tie the field" for the VR police actual combat simulation training system developed by Ziyuan Technology.

　　In Jiangbei Grand Theatre, policemen armed with guns are patrolling. Suddenly found suspicious people, went forward to ask, chase, etc. In extreme cases, you can directly pull out a gun to kill high-risk criminal suspects according to disciplinary requirements — — This is not a real scene, but it makes everyone feel a cold sweat. The real experience of VR simulation training is amazing.

　　It is understood that the traditional police training usually relies on manual construction of scenes, which is not only very different from the real scene, but also affected by factors such as venue and weather. "With the help of VR technology, different scenes can be freely switched to cope with various emergencies, so that the police can efficiently complete training in a virtual environment through hearing, vision and touch, and improve their disposal ability, including the use of firearms. The effect is really good! " Chen Wei, a policeman, was deeply touched after the training.

　　In 2018, Chongqing Jiangbei District Public Security Bureau chose to jointly carry out a simulation training base with Ziyuan Technology: the public security training base cut in with virtual simulation perception interactive technology to drive the overall planning and construction of the large-scale battle training display scene; Cooperate with the police to restore equipment and field scenes 1: 1, making it possible to simulate training and deal with emergencies.

　　At present, the system has been selected into the trial catalogue of scientific and technological achievements of the Ministry of Public Security in 2019, and the next step will be to explore applications in monitoring, patrolling, training and other fields to promote the full application of police training big data. (Zhao Qian, Jiangbei District Media Center)

　　At 9 o’clock, Zhu Liyu, who lives in Longchang Road, Yangpu District, drove from Zhoujiazui Road ramp to the Inner Ring Road and was drowned in the traffic that did not see the beginning and end of the morning peak. 40 minutes later, he arrived at the company parking garage on Lilac Road in Pudong, five minutes ahead of the 45 minutes predicted by the navigation software.

　　"The traffic congestion in Shanghai has indeed improved." Zhu Liyu’s experience is not accidental. A few days ago, the Traffic Analysis Report of Major Cities in China in Q2 2019, which was jointly released by several institutions, announced the congestion ranking of 50 cities in the second quarter of 2019, and Shanghai ranked 15th, dropping out of the "Top Ten Blocked Cities". In the same period of last year, Shanghai ranked eighth in this list, while in the same period of 2014, the congestion situation in Shanghai ranked first.

　　What changes have taken place in Shanghai’s traffic over the years?

　　"Beauty of Shanghai Order" friends circle swiped the screen

　　Relying on scientific and technological innovation, Shanghai Public Security Bureau constantly empowers the "electronic police". Behind every picture that embodies the beauty of order, there is an "electronic policeman" who works 24 hours a day.

　　Not long ago, a group of posts "This is the beauty of Shanghai order" were screened in the WeChat circle of friends. In these pictures taken by the surveillance video, at the place where the two lanes of the elevated ramp "merge into one", vehicles pass alternately in turn, such as the same smooth zipper. Not far away, the traffic police set up a reminder sign, and the ground was also marked with the obvious words "alternate traffic". Netizens have praised it.

　　A few years ago, the phenomenon of illegal fighting for roads and grabbing lines at the "combination of two and one" on the elevated ramp was everywhere, causing artificial congestion. Such large-scale and wide-ranging illegal acts exist widely, so it is necessary to find out in time when obtaining evidence. The elevated detachment of Shanghai Public Security Traffic Police can only divert traffic in the morning and evening rush hours, and then randomly carry out special rectification at various illegal-prone turnouts, with limited effect.

　　Behind every picture that embodies the beauty of order, there is an "electronic policeman" who works 24 hours a day. In recent years, relying on scientific and technological innovation, Shanghai Public Security Bureau has continuously empowered the "electronic police". Today’s electronic police can not only collect evidence for illegal acts such as speeding, running red lights and illegal parking, but also locate and capture many traffic violations such as motor vehicle horn, not wearing seat belts, changing lanes and traffic jams, making big turns and turning small. At the same time, the original "electronic police" has been continuously upgraded, and a set of equipment can simultaneously capture a variety of common traffic violations.

　　"Clearing traffic jams and ensuring traffic smoothness" was once a high-frequency word mentioned in Shanghai traffic management. In recent years, "strictly controlling traffic violations" has gradually become the focus of Shanghai public security traffic management. Data analysis shows that traffic violations are prone to occur frequently, which is the main reason for the chaos of road traffic order in Shanghai. In the eyes of professionals, the traffic police who have the power to enforce the law will focus on the rectification of traffic violations, use the "electronic police" to efficiently collect evidence of traffic violations, and seize the "bull nose" to control traffic congestion.

　　The traffic in mega-cities is like the human circulatory system, and one place is blocked and affects the whole body. As long as there is a car accident or breaks down, there will be a long queue behind. With the strict control of traffic violations, the number of road traffic accidents, deaths and injuries in Shanghai continued to decline, down by 8.7%, 13.2% and 2.6% respectively.

　　Smart "traffic lights" can predict traffic flow.

　　Last year, a brand-new "intelligent signal lamp system" was tried out in Shanghai. This set of traffic lights can sense and collect traffic data through multiple channels, and give the best scheme of signal control and traffic organization.

　　In the past, a typical intersection was like this: there were auxiliary police on all sides to help manage non-motor vehicles and pedestrians, while the traffic police stood in the middle of the road to direct and divert traffic, and they had to run around from time to time to enforce the law.

　　Traffic guidance depends on what the traffic police see and hear. Moreover, only the guidance on the "point" can only transmit the traffic pressure at one intersection to the next intersection. Improving road traffic efficiency must be a "systematic project" of a line and a network. On the eve of the first China International Import Expo last year, a brand-new "intelligent signal lamp system" was tried out in Shanghai. This set of signal lights does not simply indicate stopping or passing, but senses and collects traffic data through multiple channels, and gives the best scheme of signal control and traffic organization.

　　Wang Liang, deputy head of the Traffic Police Corps of the Municipal Public Security Bureau, said that the data collected by this intelligent transportation system can provide a basis for the on-site management of traffic police. "For example, if you know which road and which direction the traffic load is too large, the traffic police can guide the traffic diversion in advance, dynamically allocate the right of way and improve the traffic efficiency." According to calculation, through such dynamic and timely management measures, the regional road traffic efficiency has been improved by more than 10%. The reporter learned from the Traffic Police Corps of the Municipal Public Security Bureau that before the end of this year, there will be 1,000 intersections in the city with this set of traffic lights.

　　"I thought that the road construction would be very blocked, but I didn’t expect it to be smooth." Mr. Zeng, who lives in Wuning Road, was once worried that the road closure would affect his travel because of the reconstruction of the road at his doorstep. Unexpectedly, after the construction began, temporary traffic lanes were newly built and variable lanes were set. He did not feel that the road occupation construction brought too much impact. "The refinement of Shanghai is reflected in these details."

　　"We insist on the second-by-second adjustment of signal lights, the improvement of traffic organization one by one, and the improvement of road traffic efficiency through minor changes." Wang Liang said that taking the 104 down ramps with hidden dangers of "poor downlink" in the city as an example, every traffic police detachment should go to the local down ramps for on-the-spot investigation, investigate the reasons for poor downlink and formulate solutions one by one.

　　"Yan’ an elevated Tibet South Road has a large traffic volume and is often congested. After investigation, we found that there is a blank period between the traffic lights at the two intersections before and after the ramp, and the road resources are relatively rich." After repeated research, the elevated detachment of the Traffic Police Corps of the Municipal Public Security Bureau and the local traffic police, through fine-tuning the green light signal time, used this short time to quickly release 50 to 100 vehicles. In this way, the congestion on the off-ramp can be alleviated.

　　Remediation of traffic violations of non-motor vehicles and pedestrians

　　The rectification of non-motor vehicles and pedestrians’ violation of the law is large in quantity and wide in scope, and there is a lack of management hands like motor vehicle driver’s license and license plate. Since March 24 this year, the Shanghai Public Security Bureau has launched a centralized and unified operation every week.

　　"Shanghai’s traffic rectification has been carried out for more than three years, and citizens generally report that motor vehicles are more disciplined. However, traffic violations of non-motor vehicles and pedestrians are still high, which undermines traffic order and brings many security risks. " Wang Liang said that while keeping the "three chaos and one rebellion" of motor vehicles prominent in the strict investigation of traffic violations, since last year, the traffic police department has made traffic violations of non-motor vehicles and pedestrians the focus of rectification.

　　Speaking of rectifying non-motor vehicles and pedestrians, many front-line traffic police are puzzled: on the one hand, such violations are extensive; On the other hand, there is a lack of management grips like motor vehicle driving license and license plate. Wang Liang said: "We ask the traffic police to enforce the law as strictly as non-motor vehicles and pedestrians." Since March 24 this year, Shanghai public security organs have organized weekly centralized and unified actions to tackle and rectify traffic violations of non-motor vehicles and pedestrians, with the participation of the whole police, to tackle and rectify various traffic violations of non-motor vehicles and pedestrians.

　　Police-enterprise cooperation, social governance, alleviating parking difficulties

　　In response to the needs of residents for parking at night and picking up and dropping off students, the traffic police department, together with relevant local governments and functional departments, has taken measures to alleviate the "long-standing problem" of parking difficulties.

　　When Ms. Zhang, a citizen, was stopped for crossing the road at a red light for the first time, she was not fined. The traffic police only gave her oral education after registering her identity information. This is a "progressive" law enforcement mode adopted by Shanghai traffic police against pedestrian traffic violations: the first education, the second warning, and the third and above penalties.

　　Lifestyle changes bring new challenges to traffic management. In recent years, the development of the take-away and express delivery industry, which generally relies on non-motor vehicles to solve the "last mile", has aggravated the traffic violations of non-motor vehicles. On July 1st, the off-site enforcement system of electric bicycle traffic violations based on RFID technology was put into use. At present, the construction and installation of RFID collection equipment have been completed at key intersections and sections of the outer ring road of the city, and 54,000 electric bicycles engaged in express delivery and take-away industries have been replaced with new electronic license plates. "In the past, we lacked an effective grasp of managing non-motor vehicles, and electronic license plates provided us with a solution to the problem." According to the relevant person in charge of the traffic police department of the Municipal Public Security Bureau, as of July 28, this system has seized more than 9,400 non-motor vehicle traffic violations.

　　A few days ago, the reporter saw in the Huaihai Road business circle that the sign of "temporary parking spot for non-motor vehicles of take-away enterprises" was hung in the open space around buildings such as Times Square and Hong Kong Plaza in Shanghai. From time to time, take-away riders rode their cars here to run and deliver meals. Correspondingly, the phenomenon that non-motor vehicles are parked and placed on the road is reduced.

　　Huaihai Road Business Circle gathers commercial buildings and commercial shops, and the demand for logistics and take-away services is amazing. However, Huaihai Middle Road is a non-road section, and non-motor vehicles are prohibited from passing through the whole line. Some take-away and express delivery practitioners not only ride illegally, but also stop and put them in disorder. While contacting the property to implement the parking resources, the traffic police department promotes the cooperation between the police and enterprises and social co-governance, and innovates safety management measures such as big data screening of the problem network car, digital management of bike-sharing, "one person, one car, one license and one yard" for take-away riders and personnel score management. Last week, 28 express delivery companies jointly signed a joint commitment on rider traffic safety.

　　Parking difficulty is a "long-standing problem" in traffic management. Since the traffic rectification, the city has drawn a total of 239 "yellow solid lines" roads, and parking is prohibited across the whole line, which makes many drivers feel "very inconvenient". "In addition to strict law enforcement, we also consider the actual needs." Wang Liang said that in order to alleviate the difficulty of getting on and off taxis, the traffic police department has set up more than 3,000 taxi pick-up and drop-off points at bus stops. In view of the practical needs of residents such as parking at night and picking up and dropping off students, the traffic police department actively cooperates with relevant local governments and functional departments to take measures to alleviate the parking problem. In addition to adding time-limited road parking lots and night-time road parking lots on roads where conditions permit, we also actively tap the potential, build and add parking facilities, coordinate to turn idle land into temporary parking lots, and make use of the difference in parking demand time between residential areas and surrounding commercial buildings, hospitals, etc., and use and share parking facilities at wrong times.

　　At present, the city has more than 2,300 road parking lots with more than 90,000 berths. Among them, there are 116 night road parking lots to alleviate the parking difficulties in residential areas, which can park about 3,300 vehicles, and 273 temporary road parking lots to alleviate the parking difficulties for students, which can park about 5,900 vehicles. (Reporter Wang Xianle Jian Gongbo)

China Optics of the Light Center of the original Changguang Institute is included in the topic # Intelligent Photonics 1# Ultrafast Laser 1.

Written by Cyan (Ph.D. student, University of Bristol, UK)

Author’s recommendation

Professor Goëry Genty (University of Tampere, Finland):

Our international cooperation team published a summary article in Nature Photonics on the topic of "Machine Learning and Applications in Ultrafast Photonics". A major feature of this review is that it provides a series of basic concepts for readers (such as students) who are not familiar with related fields.

At present, people don’t know how to make the best use of artificial intelligence and machine learning to promote future research, but the application of ultrafast photon technology in controlling complex laser systems and generating customized beams has not fully exerted its potential. We have solved this problem now and summarized different machine learning methods that can be used to study and control ultrafast photonic systems.

Our goal is to make readers who are not experts in this field fully understand this review and provide them with the basic knowledge of machine learning applied to ultrafast photonics. This paper mainly summarizes the design and optimization of laser and the research and control of ultrafast dynamics (the change of light field properties).

For each case, we try to explain how machine learning technology may be applied to the actual cases of interest, the benefits they can bring and the future research direction. It also explains different algorithms in machine learning and some guidelines on how to use them, which provides a quick start for researchers who are not familiar with this field.

Artistic renderings: the application of artificial intelligence in ultrafast photonics. The figure shows how the neural network controls the properties of the incident field by seeking the optimal value in a complex multidimensional space. This concept can eventually help to generate light beams with special properties. (Source: Tampere University, Finland)

With the landing of various intelligent applications, machine learning, artificial intelligence and other professional terms that use statistical techniques and numerical algorithms to perform specific tasks have become well known to the public. In optics, the early application of machine learning mostly appears in the form of genetic algorithm, which is used for pattern recognition, image reconstruction, aberration correction or optical element design.

Figure 1. Machine learning (artistic renderings)

Source: Changchun Institute of Optics and Mechanics, Light Academic Publishing Center, New Media Working Group.

Ultrafast lasers play an important role in many fields of photonics, such as communication, material processing and biological imaging. It directly contributed to the research results of three Nobel Prize levels:

Femtosecond Laser Coherence Control (1999) [Recommended Reading]

Precision Frequency Comb (2005) [Recommended Reading]

High Power Femtosecond Pulse Amplified by Chirped Pulse (2018) [Recommended Reading]

However, the design and operation technology of ultrafast lasers have not changed much compared with those when they were first developed decades ago. With the increasing demand for the quality of light source in various new applications, the complexity of laser is increasing day by day, which means that the amount of data in the process of laser design and optimization will explode, making the traditional design optimization scheme no longer applicable.

The high-speed processing of a large amount of data is the field that AI technology such as machine learning is good at. Therefore, the combination of the latest progress of ultrafast photonics with powerful tools such as artificial intelligence and machine learning provides a new way to overcome this bottleneck.

Professor Goëry Genty from Tampere University, Finland [introduction], together with scholars from three other universities in Europe, reviewed the specific fields in which machine learning technology has been applied and breakthroughs have been made in ultrafast photonics; Consider the future challenges and research direction, and provide a feasible research process roadmap; It also points out the applications that are expected to have a significant impact in the next few years.

1. Application of machine learning in ultrafast photonics

In view of the excellent performance of machine learning in data classification, identifying hidden structures and processing parameters with large degrees of freedom, many important scientific research achievements have come out, especially in the fields of big data processing and reverse design. As shown in Figure 2, different machine learning strategies and related architectures are described, and the core concepts, implementation methods and applications in ultrafast photonics are listed.

Figure 2. Main concepts and implementation methods of machine learning in ultrafast photonics.

Source: Nature Photonics/translation: Cyan (writer)

Figure 3 describes the general application model of machine learning in ultrafast photonics. A) The diagram depicts the training stage, in which the control signal and the measuring device are used to detect the parameter space and map the corresponding operating state respectively. Then, the collected data is input into the machine learning algorithm for training.

Fig. 3. Machine learning process of controlling components with feedback loop and control algorithm.

A) training stage b) machine learning assistant stage

Source: Nature Photonics/translation: Cyan (writer)

B) Figure depicts the self-adjusting process, in which the real-time operating state characteristics of laser and a simplified measuring system are fed into electronic equipment controlled by machine learning algorithm to lock the system to an ideal mechanism. This is where machine learning is particularly powerful, because once trained, the algorithm can quickly select parameters to achieve the best operation.

When using the machine learning model, you should also pay attention to the following items:

Selection of architecture and related parameters

accuracy control

Training data

Overfitting avoidance

Robustness and Transfer Learning

According to the selection of the above structural parameters, with different algorithms in the implementation method circle in Figure 2, such as genetic algorithm, feedforward neural network, convolutional/recursive neural network and unsupervised learning, the specific target design can be realized quickly.

Second, the laser design and optimization

(1) Self-tuning of ultrafast fiber laser

Since the pulse state is influenced by many factors, such as dispersion, nonlinearity and dissipative effect, the operation of laser system is actually very complicated. This complexity, on the one hand, has greatly improved the quality of light sources; On the other hand, it also poses great challenges for control and optimization.

This difficulty stems from the need to achieve the balance of multiple degrees of freedom (or control parameters) in order to achieve stable operation or achieve a specific mechanism. When multiple output characteristics need to be optimized at the same time, the traditional optimization method will no longer be applicable. The optimal design method based on machine learning is especially suitable for this system with greatly increased complexity.

(2) Coherent dynamic control

In addition to directly controlling the laser as mentioned above, external cavity modulation technology is also widely used in pulse shaping of ultrafast pulses. This kind of optimization involving multiple related parameters, machine learning can obviously surpass other forms of automatic optimization control theory. For example, Professor Daniel B. Turner’s team showed people how the adaptive neural network algorithm can control the pulse shaper and significantly accelerate its implementation, and its convergence speed is about 100 times faster than the traditional algorithm.

Third, the characteristics and control of ultrafast pulse propagation dynamics

(1) Hidden physical model

The application of machine learning to derive prediction models from sparse or noisy measurements has been successful. With the development of technology, a concept called "hidden physical model" is put forward, that is, by using "physical information neural network" to analyze dynamic data samples, the closed mathematical model or nonlinear differential equation that controls the physical system can be automatically identified. This method should also be used in ultrafast photonics to analyze the transmission dynamics of pulses in optical fibers. In addition, this model-free method is also used to predict the coherent dynamics of soliton-like transmission. However, at present, this kind of work is only based on numerical data-the next step in this field is obviously to explore the control model from the experimental data set.

(2) Chaotic system and instability

In the chaotic system, the measurement system that directly captures the breathing laser [] imposes serious restrictions on the experiment in complexity.

Machine learning can directly solve this problem. By training neural network to determine the time characteristics of chaotic field, only the intensity characteristics of spectrum need to be measured (which is easier to measure). Recently, a similar method has been used to determine the peak power, duration and time delay of extreme wandering solitons in noise continuous spectrum. In addition, similar applications have been extended to more complex systems, such as those observed in transient laser behavior and extreme events.

(3) Multidimensional system

One of the main advantages of neural network is that it can effectively analyze the characteristics of multidimensional systems. This is especially suitable for multimode optical fiber systems, because space-time coupling greatly increases the complexity of parameter space and nonlinear propagation dynamics. Uurtein of the Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland, drives a spatial light modulator through a neural network to generate supercontinuum spectrum in a step index distribution fiber, which proves the potential of machine learning.

Figure 4. Neural network structure (artistic effect diagram)

Source: Changchun Institute of Optics and Mechanics, Light Academic Publishing Center, New Media Working Group.

IV. Prospects and Challenges

Ultrafast photonic systems are very complex and usually nonlinear, and their dynamic characteristics are very sensitive to internal parameters and external disturbances. Due to the demand for stability, anti-interference robustness, adjustability and adaptive control, the complexity of these systems is increasing day by day. Machine learning technology, which can find hidden features and adapt independently when contacting new data, may play an important role in the next generation of ultra-fast systems and applications.

At the same time, in the application of ultrafast photonics, machine learning also faces the following challenges:

1) When using recursive networks, it is very important to sample pairs along the evolutionary dimension (time or distance) to extract and reproduce the long-term evolutionary structure. Therefore, memory limitation will become a problem, especially in lasers that require multiple cavity round trips to stabilize.

2) Unsupervised learning analysis divides data into subsets with similarities, but it lacks key information about the criteria used for classification.

3) When the photon system is processed in real time, it needs the ability to manage a large amount of data and a hardware framework that can cope with the ultra-fast processing speed.

To sum up, machine learning provides effective solutions for many problems encountered at this stage, which makes ultrafast photonics play an effective role in a wider range of fields. As Professor Goëry Genty said: "We believe that machine learning can play an important role in the next generation of laser light sources. Our work can inspire researchers to fully tap the potential of artificial intelligence in ultrafast photonics and its many applications. "

Article information

Genty, G., Salmela, L., Dudley, J.M. et al. Machine learning and applications in ultrafast photonics. Nat. Photonics (2020).

Original address

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-020-00716-4

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Original title: Application of Machine Learning in Ultrafast Photonics

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