On the morning of April 2, the 408 train of Taitung Railway "Taroko" derailed when it went to the Dashuishui Tunnel in Hualien County. The Central Radio and Television General Station continued to pay attention to the report of Taiwan Province Radio Station’s Voice of the Sea and the new media platform of "Looking at the Taiwan Strait". The Voice of the Sea first launched a special column "Directly Attacking the Taiwan Railway Accident: Finding the Families of the Casualties", rolling out the rescue progress and casualties sent by the reporters stationed at the General Station at the scene of the accident, and announcing the hotline to help find the families of the casualties; The new media platform of "Looking at the Taiwan Strait" was released simultaneously at home and abroad. Related reports have been highly concerned by listeners and netizens at home and abroad. Many Taiwan Province listeners praised "The Voice of Taiwan and the Sea is a radio station with temperature" and "The hearts of compatriots on both sides of the strait are closely connected through radio waves and the Internet".

　　In the past few days, the voice of Taiwan and the new media platform of "Looking at the Taiwan Strait" have been closely linked, and "Sudden! The Taiwan Railway train derailed.
Several lives are at stake and many people are injured. The spokesman of the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council expressed great concern about the 408 train derailment accident of the Taroko. The latest news of the derailment of the Taiwan Railway! 48 people showed no signs of life and 118 people were injured. The column "Direct Strike on the Taiwan Railway Accident: Looking for the Families of the Casualties" was launched by Voice of Taiwan. May the deceased rest in peace
The injured are safe. Mainland netizens are concerned about the casualties of the Taiwan Railway accident. The rescue work has come to an end temporarily. The cause of the accident has been initially identified. The rescuers who directly connected the Taiwan Railway train derailment accident on the spot have blood thicker than water.
More than ten reports, such as listening to friends on both sides of the strait and worrying about compatriots killed by the Taiwan Railway. At the first time, exclusive news such as "List of some victims of the 408 train derailment accident of Taitung Taroko" and "List of some injured people of the 408 train derailment accident of Taitung Taroko" were broadcast; Interview the only mainland passenger who was slightly injured in the accident at the first time, and broadcast an exclusive interview with "The Voice of the Sea at the Central Radio and Television General Station: The injured land was interviewed."

Recall the moment of the Taiwan Railway accident. Once the relevant reports were published, they attracted widespread attention from the media at home and abroad, and they were reprinted and quoted one after another. Hundreds of Taiwan Province listeners either called or posted messages asking about the casualties and expressing their concern.

　　On April 3rd, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader expressed his condolences to the victims of the Taiwan Province Railway accident, and expressed condolences to the families of the victims and injured compatriots. After the launch of the headquarters network, the voice of Taiwan and the new media of "Looking at the Taiwan Strait" were released at the first time, spreading the concerns of General Secretary of the Supreme Leader to the people of and the global audience, which triggered a warm response.

△ Macau Citizen Daily: General Secretary of the Supreme Leader expressed condolences to the victims in Taiwan.

△ Pakistan Economic Net: General Secretary of the Supreme Leader expressed condolences to the victims.

△ "Looking at the Taiwan Strait" WeChat public number

△ CCTV news client

　　According to statistics, the special report of the Voice of Taiwan Sea and the new media platform of "Looking at the Taiwan Strait" and the related report of the General Station have been spread and released twice in domestic new media, with a magnification of 146 times and a total reading page view of 304 million times. Among them, the related content of "Directly Attacking the Taiwan Railway Accident: Looking for the Families of the Casualties" was read and viewed 1.57 million times, and the key manuscripts such as "List of some victims of the 408th train derailment accident of the Taiwan Railway" were read and viewed more than 2.85 million times in the CCTV news client and the two micro accounts of the main station.

Xiamen Studio of Voice of Taiwan Sea also cooperated with Taiwanese business associations in Fujian, Xiamen and other mainland countries to launch activities such as offering love to the victims of the Taiwan Railway accident. As of April 5, the relevant pledged amount has reached nearly 200,000 yuan.

△ The Voice of Taiwan and the Taiwan Business Association of the Mainland offer love to the victims of the Taiwan Railway accident.

　　A number of mainstream media in Hong Kong and Macao reported the condolences of the Supreme Leader General Secretary to our compatriots in Taiwan Province in the news pages, and also reported on Taiwan Voice’s column to help find the families of the victims. Hong Kong wenhui network, Dagong.com, Sing Tao Global Network, China Review News Network, Hong Kong News Network, Hong Kong Bauhinia, HK Me and My Motherland, Hong Kong HK+, Macau Daily, Citizen Daily and Lotus Times, Media such as American Business News Network, Singapore Lianhe Zaobao, Malaysia Lianhe Daily, Guanghua Daily, Indonesia International Daily, Japanese Chinese Business Network, Nordic Times, Portugal’s Portuguese New Newspaper, Ouqiao.com, Greece-China.com, New Zealand United Daily News, West Africa Online, etc. have also reported the condolences of the Supreme Leader issued by the Voice of Taiwan, and the voice of Taiwan is concerned with the compatriots who were killed or injured in the Taiwan Railway accident.　

△ Hong Kong Wen Wei Po

△ Ta Kung Pao

△ Hong Kong wenhui network

△ Dagong.com

△ Dagong.com

△ Sing Tao Global Network

△ China Review News Network

△ China Review News Network

△ Hong Kong News Network

△ Hong Kong "Bauhinia"

△ bus report

△HK me and my motherland

△Hong kong "HK+"

△Macao daily

△Macao Citizen Daily

△Macau Lotus Times

△American business news network

△Singapore Lianhe Zaobao Chinese website

△Singapore Lianhe Zaobao Chinese website

△Malaysia Lianhe Daily

△Guanghua Daily, Malaysia

△Indonesia International Daily

△Japan Chinese Business Network

△Nordic times

△Portuguese new newspaper

△Ouqiao net

△Xizhong. com

△New Zealand United Daily News

△West Africa online

　　The Taiwan Railway accident deeply touched the hearts of compatriots on both sides of the strait. Voice of Taiwan and the new media platform "Looking at Taiwan Strait" launched a column.Direct attack on Taiwan railway accident: looking for the families of the casualtiesAfter the contact information is published,Hundreds of cross-strait listeners either call the hotline of Taiwan Voice of the Sea or post messages on new media platforms.Concerned about the latest progress of accident rescue, expressing condolences and condolences to the casualties of the accident, and conveying concerns and greetings to relatives on the island.Jiangxi Yichun GaoanofMr. LuoI called the voice of Taiwan Sea at the first time to express my thoughts on my uncle’s family who had not been in contact for a long time in Taiwan Province.Taiwan Province May singer Yang PinhuaThank friends on both sides of the strait for their condolences on the online platform, pray for the injured, observe silence for the deceased, and forward the phone number of the voice of Taiwan and the sea to find relatives;Taiwan Province Xinbei listens to friends and family.Calling the hotline of the Voice of Taiwan Sea said that the blood of compatriots on both sides of the strait is thicker than water, and the Voice of Taiwan Sea is a radio station with temperature, which made him very moved.

△Taiwan Province May singer Yang Pinhua left a message on the online platform.

△Taiwan Province Xinbei listens to friends and calls the voice of Taiwan Sea.

△ Netizens leave a message on the new media platform of the reception desk to pray for their compatriots.

　　Lin Boyan, President of Zhangzhou Taiwanese Investment Enterprise Association.Calling Taiwan Voice said that compatriots on both sides of the strait are a family whose blood is thicker than water. On behalf of the vast number of Taiwan compatriots in Zhangzhou, I would like to express my deep condolences to the compatriots who died in this accident and express my sincere condolences to the injured and the families of the victims.Tang Yushu, former chairman of Hualien County Tourist Hotel Business Association and director of Hualien Tourism Promotion Association.He said that all Taiwan Province compatriots felt the same way when they heard the special report of the Voice of the Sea, the general radio and television station of the Central Committee, and heard the deep concern and care of so many compatriots in the mainland. I sincerely hope that the tragedy of the Taiwan Railway accident will make people on both sides of the strait care for each other and warm each other.Lai Lianjin, President of Taiwan Province South China NewsHe said that he was very touched when he heard the program "Directly Attacking the Taiwan Railway Accident: Looking for the Families of the Casualties" broadcast by the Voice of Taiwan Sea on the AM549 radio wave in Taiwan Province. The mainland listened to the greetings from friends and netizens, and he was deeply impressed that the two sides of the strait are a family separated by only a strip of water.Peking University Taisheng Wang YuhanIn the message, I said that I saw many mainland friends are very concerned about this matter through the "Looking at the Taiwan Strait" public number, and I feel the goodwill of my compatriots. I feel very gratified and hope that there will be no more natural and man-made disasters.Taiwan Province young Ficus virensThe message said that the special report launched by the "Looking at the Taiwan Strait" platform enabled him to quickly grasp the progress of the incident. He has recommended this platform to many friends on the island.

　　At 9 o’clock, Zhu Liyu, who lives in Longchang Road, Yangpu District, drove from Zhoujiazui Road ramp to the Inner Ring Road and was drowned in the traffic that did not see the beginning and end of the morning peak. 40 minutes later, he arrived at the company parking garage on Lilac Road in Pudong, five minutes ahead of the 45 minutes predicted by the navigation software.

　　"The traffic congestion in Shanghai has indeed improved." Zhu Liyu’s experience is not accidental. A few days ago, the Traffic Analysis Report of Major Cities in China in Q2 2019, which was jointly released by several institutions, announced the congestion ranking of 50 cities in the second quarter of 2019, and Shanghai ranked 15th, dropping out of the "Top Ten Blocked Cities". In the same period of last year, Shanghai ranked eighth in this list, while in the same period of 2014, the congestion situation in Shanghai ranked first.

　　What changes have taken place in Shanghai’s traffic over the years?

　　"Beauty of Shanghai Order" friends circle swiped the screen

　　Relying on scientific and technological innovation, Shanghai Public Security Bureau constantly empowers the "electronic police". Behind every picture that embodies the beauty of order, there is an "electronic policeman" who works 24 hours a day.

　　Not long ago, a group of posts "This is the beauty of Shanghai order" were screened in the WeChat circle of friends. In these pictures taken by the surveillance video, at the place where the two lanes of the elevated ramp "merge into one", vehicles pass alternately in turn, such as the same smooth zipper. Not far away, the traffic police set up a reminder sign, and the ground was also marked with the obvious words "alternate traffic". Netizens have praised it.

　　A few years ago, the phenomenon of illegal fighting for roads and grabbing lines at the "combination of two and one" on the elevated ramp was everywhere, causing artificial congestion. Such large-scale and wide-ranging illegal acts exist widely, so it is necessary to find out in time when obtaining evidence. The elevated detachment of Shanghai Public Security Traffic Police can only divert traffic in the morning and evening rush hours, and then randomly carry out special rectification at various illegal-prone turnouts, with limited effect.

　　Behind every picture that embodies the beauty of order, there is an "electronic policeman" who works 24 hours a day. In recent years, relying on scientific and technological innovation, Shanghai Public Security Bureau has continuously empowered the "electronic police". Today’s electronic police can not only collect evidence for illegal acts such as speeding, running red lights and illegal parking, but also locate and capture many traffic violations such as motor vehicle horn, not wearing seat belts, changing lanes and traffic jams, making big turns and turning small. At the same time, the original "electronic police" has been continuously upgraded, and a set of equipment can simultaneously capture a variety of common traffic violations.

　　"Clearing traffic jams and ensuring traffic smoothness" was once a high-frequency word mentioned in Shanghai traffic management. In recent years, "strictly controlling traffic violations" has gradually become the focus of Shanghai public security traffic management. Data analysis shows that traffic violations are prone to occur frequently, which is the main reason for the chaos of road traffic order in Shanghai. In the eyes of professionals, the traffic police who have the power to enforce the law will focus on the rectification of traffic violations, use the "electronic police" to efficiently collect evidence of traffic violations, and seize the "bull nose" to control traffic congestion.

　　The traffic in mega-cities is like the human circulatory system, and one place is blocked and affects the whole body. As long as there is a car accident or breaks down, there will be a long queue behind. With the strict control of traffic violations, the number of road traffic accidents, deaths and injuries in Shanghai continued to decline, down by 8.7%, 13.2% and 2.6% respectively.

　　Smart "traffic lights" can predict traffic flow.

　　Last year, a brand-new "intelligent signal lamp system" was tried out in Shanghai. This set of traffic lights can sense and collect traffic data through multiple channels, and give the best scheme of signal control and traffic organization.

　　In the past, a typical intersection was like this: there were auxiliary police on all sides to help manage non-motor vehicles and pedestrians, while the traffic police stood in the middle of the road to direct and divert traffic, and they had to run around from time to time to enforce the law.

　　Traffic guidance depends on what the traffic police see and hear. Moreover, only the guidance on the "point" can only transmit the traffic pressure at one intersection to the next intersection. Improving road traffic efficiency must be a "systematic project" of a line and a network. On the eve of the first China International Import Expo last year, a brand-new "intelligent signal lamp system" was tried out in Shanghai. This set of signal lights does not simply indicate stopping or passing, but senses and collects traffic data through multiple channels, and gives the best scheme of signal control and traffic organization.

　　Wang Liang, deputy head of the Traffic Police Corps of the Municipal Public Security Bureau, said that the data collected by this intelligent transportation system can provide a basis for the on-site management of traffic police. "For example, if you know which road and which direction the traffic load is too large, the traffic police can guide the traffic diversion in advance, dynamically allocate the right of way and improve the traffic efficiency." According to calculation, through such dynamic and timely management measures, the regional road traffic efficiency has been improved by more than 10%. The reporter learned from the Traffic Police Corps of the Municipal Public Security Bureau that before the end of this year, there will be 1,000 intersections in the city with this set of traffic lights.

　　"I thought that the road construction would be very blocked, but I didn’t expect it to be smooth." Mr. Zeng, who lives in Wuning Road, was once worried that the road closure would affect his travel because of the reconstruction of the road at his doorstep. Unexpectedly, after the construction began, temporary traffic lanes were newly built and variable lanes were set. He did not feel that the road occupation construction brought too much impact. "The refinement of Shanghai is reflected in these details."

　　"We insist on the second-by-second adjustment of signal lights, the improvement of traffic organization one by one, and the improvement of road traffic efficiency through minor changes." Wang Liang said that taking the 104 down ramps with hidden dangers of "poor downlink" in the city as an example, every traffic police detachment should go to the local down ramps for on-the-spot investigation, investigate the reasons for poor downlink and formulate solutions one by one.

　　"Yan’ an elevated Tibet South Road has a large traffic volume and is often congested. After investigation, we found that there is a blank period between the traffic lights at the two intersections before and after the ramp, and the road resources are relatively rich." After repeated research, the elevated detachment of the Traffic Police Corps of the Municipal Public Security Bureau and the local traffic police, through fine-tuning the green light signal time, used this short time to quickly release 50 to 100 vehicles. In this way, the congestion on the off-ramp can be alleviated.

　　Remediation of traffic violations of non-motor vehicles and pedestrians

　　The rectification of non-motor vehicles and pedestrians’ violation of the law is large in quantity and wide in scope, and there is a lack of management hands like motor vehicle driver’s license and license plate. Since March 24 this year, the Shanghai Public Security Bureau has launched a centralized and unified operation every week.

　　"Shanghai’s traffic rectification has been carried out for more than three years, and citizens generally report that motor vehicles are more disciplined. However, traffic violations of non-motor vehicles and pedestrians are still high, which undermines traffic order and brings many security risks. " Wang Liang said that while keeping the "three chaos and one rebellion" of motor vehicles prominent in the strict investigation of traffic violations, since last year, the traffic police department has made traffic violations of non-motor vehicles and pedestrians the focus of rectification.

　　Speaking of rectifying non-motor vehicles and pedestrians, many front-line traffic police are puzzled: on the one hand, such violations are extensive; On the other hand, there is a lack of management grips like motor vehicle driving license and license plate. Wang Liang said: "We ask the traffic police to enforce the law as strictly as non-motor vehicles and pedestrians." Since March 24 this year, Shanghai public security organs have organized weekly centralized and unified actions to tackle and rectify traffic violations of non-motor vehicles and pedestrians, with the participation of the whole police, to tackle and rectify various traffic violations of non-motor vehicles and pedestrians.

　　Police-enterprise cooperation, social governance, alleviating parking difficulties

　　In response to the needs of residents for parking at night and picking up and dropping off students, the traffic police department, together with relevant local governments and functional departments, has taken measures to alleviate the "long-standing problem" of parking difficulties.

　　When Ms. Zhang, a citizen, was stopped for crossing the road at a red light for the first time, she was not fined. The traffic police only gave her oral education after registering her identity information. This is a "progressive" law enforcement mode adopted by Shanghai traffic police against pedestrian traffic violations: the first education, the second warning, and the third and above penalties.

　　Lifestyle changes bring new challenges to traffic management. In recent years, the development of the take-away and express delivery industry, which generally relies on non-motor vehicles to solve the "last mile", has aggravated the traffic violations of non-motor vehicles. On July 1st, the off-site enforcement system of electric bicycle traffic violations based on RFID technology was put into use. At present, the construction and installation of RFID collection equipment have been completed at key intersections and sections of the outer ring road of the city, and 54,000 electric bicycles engaged in express delivery and take-away industries have been replaced with new electronic license plates. "In the past, we lacked an effective grasp of managing non-motor vehicles, and electronic license plates provided us with a solution to the problem." According to the relevant person in charge of the traffic police department of the Municipal Public Security Bureau, as of July 28, this system has seized more than 9,400 non-motor vehicle traffic violations.

　　A few days ago, the reporter saw in the Huaihai Road business circle that the sign of "temporary parking spot for non-motor vehicles of take-away enterprises" was hung in the open space around buildings such as Times Square and Hong Kong Plaza in Shanghai. From time to time, take-away riders rode their cars here to run and deliver meals. Correspondingly, the phenomenon that non-motor vehicles are parked and placed on the road is reduced.

　　Huaihai Road Business Circle gathers commercial buildings and commercial shops, and the demand for logistics and take-away services is amazing. However, Huaihai Middle Road is a non-road section, and non-motor vehicles are prohibited from passing through the whole line. Some take-away and express delivery practitioners not only ride illegally, but also stop and put them in disorder. While contacting the property to implement the parking resources, the traffic police department promotes the cooperation between the police and enterprises and social co-governance, and innovates safety management measures such as big data screening of the problem network car, digital management of bike-sharing, "one person, one car, one license and one yard" for take-away riders and personnel score management. Last week, 28 express delivery companies jointly signed a joint commitment on rider traffic safety.

　　Parking difficulty is a "long-standing problem" in traffic management. Since the traffic rectification, the city has drawn a total of 239 "yellow solid lines" roads, and parking is prohibited across the whole line, which makes many drivers feel "very inconvenient". "In addition to strict law enforcement, we also consider the actual needs." Wang Liang said that in order to alleviate the difficulty of getting on and off taxis, the traffic police department has set up more than 3,000 taxi pick-up and drop-off points at bus stops. In view of the practical needs of residents such as parking at night and picking up and dropping off students, the traffic police department actively cooperates with relevant local governments and functional departments to take measures to alleviate the parking problem. In addition to adding time-limited road parking lots and night-time road parking lots on roads where conditions permit, we also actively tap the potential, build and add parking facilities, coordinate to turn idle land into temporary parking lots, and make use of the difference in parking demand time between residential areas and surrounding commercial buildings, hospitals, etc., and use and share parking facilities at wrong times.

　　At present, the city has more than 2,300 road parking lots with more than 90,000 berths. Among them, there are 116 night road parking lots to alleviate the parking difficulties in residential areas, which can park about 3,300 vehicles, and 273 temporary road parking lots to alleviate the parking difficulties for students, which can park about 5,900 vehicles. (Reporter Wang Xianle Jian Gongbo)

China Optics of the Light Center of the original Changguang Institute is included in the topic # Intelligent Photonics 1# Ultrafast Laser 1.

Written by Cyan (Ph.D. student, University of Bristol, UK)

Author’s recommendation

Professor Goëry Genty (University of Tampere, Finland):

Our international cooperation team published a summary article in Nature Photonics on the topic of "Machine Learning and Applications in Ultrafast Photonics". A major feature of this review is that it provides a series of basic concepts for readers (such as students) who are not familiar with related fields.

At present, people don’t know how to make the best use of artificial intelligence and machine learning to promote future research, but the application of ultrafast photon technology in controlling complex laser systems and generating customized beams has not fully exerted its potential. We have solved this problem now and summarized different machine learning methods that can be used to study and control ultrafast photonic systems.

Our goal is to make readers who are not experts in this field fully understand this review and provide them with the basic knowledge of machine learning applied to ultrafast photonics. This paper mainly summarizes the design and optimization of laser and the research and control of ultrafast dynamics (the change of light field properties).

For each case, we try to explain how machine learning technology may be applied to the actual cases of interest, the benefits they can bring and the future research direction. It also explains different algorithms in machine learning and some guidelines on how to use them, which provides a quick start for researchers who are not familiar with this field.

Artistic renderings: the application of artificial intelligence in ultrafast photonics. The figure shows how the neural network controls the properties of the incident field by seeking the optimal value in a complex multidimensional space. This concept can eventually help to generate light beams with special properties. (Source: Tampere University, Finland)

With the landing of various intelligent applications, machine learning, artificial intelligence and other professional terms that use statistical techniques and numerical algorithms to perform specific tasks have become well known to the public. In optics, the early application of machine learning mostly appears in the form of genetic algorithm, which is used for pattern recognition, image reconstruction, aberration correction or optical element design.

Figure 1. Machine learning (artistic renderings)

Source: Changchun Institute of Optics and Mechanics, Light Academic Publishing Center, New Media Working Group.

Ultrafast lasers play an important role in many fields of photonics, such as communication, material processing and biological imaging. It directly contributed to the research results of three Nobel Prize levels:

Femtosecond Laser Coherence Control (1999) [Recommended Reading]

Precision Frequency Comb (2005) [Recommended Reading]

High Power Femtosecond Pulse Amplified by Chirped Pulse (2018) [Recommended Reading]

However, the design and operation technology of ultrafast lasers have not changed much compared with those when they were first developed decades ago. With the increasing demand for the quality of light source in various new applications, the complexity of laser is increasing day by day, which means that the amount of data in the process of laser design and optimization will explode, making the traditional design optimization scheme no longer applicable.

The high-speed processing of a large amount of data is the field that AI technology such as machine learning is good at. Therefore, the combination of the latest progress of ultrafast photonics with powerful tools such as artificial intelligence and machine learning provides a new way to overcome this bottleneck.

Professor Goëry Genty from Tampere University, Finland [introduction], together with scholars from three other universities in Europe, reviewed the specific fields in which machine learning technology has been applied and breakthroughs have been made in ultrafast photonics; Consider the future challenges and research direction, and provide a feasible research process roadmap; It also points out the applications that are expected to have a significant impact in the next few years.

1. Application of machine learning in ultrafast photonics

In view of the excellent performance of machine learning in data classification, identifying hidden structures and processing parameters with large degrees of freedom, many important scientific research achievements have come out, especially in the fields of big data processing and reverse design. As shown in Figure 2, different machine learning strategies and related architectures are described, and the core concepts, implementation methods and applications in ultrafast photonics are listed.

Figure 2. Main concepts and implementation methods of machine learning in ultrafast photonics.

Source: Nature Photonics/translation: Cyan (writer)

Figure 3 describes the general application model of machine learning in ultrafast photonics. A) The diagram depicts the training stage, in which the control signal and the measuring device are used to detect the parameter space and map the corresponding operating state respectively. Then, the collected data is input into the machine learning algorithm for training.

Fig. 3. Machine learning process of controlling components with feedback loop and control algorithm.

A) training stage b) machine learning assistant stage

Source: Nature Photonics/translation: Cyan (writer)

B) Figure depicts the self-adjusting process, in which the real-time operating state characteristics of laser and a simplified measuring system are fed into electronic equipment controlled by machine learning algorithm to lock the system to an ideal mechanism. This is where machine learning is particularly powerful, because once trained, the algorithm can quickly select parameters to achieve the best operation.

When using the machine learning model, you should also pay attention to the following items:

Selection of architecture and related parameters

accuracy control

Training data

Overfitting avoidance

Robustness and Transfer Learning

According to the selection of the above structural parameters, with different algorithms in the implementation method circle in Figure 2, such as genetic algorithm, feedforward neural network, convolutional/recursive neural network and unsupervised learning, the specific target design can be realized quickly.

Second, the laser design and optimization

(1) Self-tuning of ultrafast fiber laser

Since the pulse state is influenced by many factors, such as dispersion, nonlinearity and dissipative effect, the operation of laser system is actually very complicated. This complexity, on the one hand, has greatly improved the quality of light sources; On the other hand, it also poses great challenges for control and optimization.

This difficulty stems from the need to achieve the balance of multiple degrees of freedom (or control parameters) in order to achieve stable operation or achieve a specific mechanism. When multiple output characteristics need to be optimized at the same time, the traditional optimization method will no longer be applicable. The optimal design method based on machine learning is especially suitable for this system with greatly increased complexity.

(2) Coherent dynamic control

In addition to directly controlling the laser as mentioned above, external cavity modulation technology is also widely used in pulse shaping of ultrafast pulses. This kind of optimization involving multiple related parameters, machine learning can obviously surpass other forms of automatic optimization control theory. For example, Professor Daniel B. Turner’s team showed people how the adaptive neural network algorithm can control the pulse shaper and significantly accelerate its implementation, and its convergence speed is about 100 times faster than the traditional algorithm.

Third, the characteristics and control of ultrafast pulse propagation dynamics

(1) Hidden physical model

The application of machine learning to derive prediction models from sparse or noisy measurements has been successful. With the development of technology, a concept called "hidden physical model" is put forward, that is, by using "physical information neural network" to analyze dynamic data samples, the closed mathematical model or nonlinear differential equation that controls the physical system can be automatically identified. This method should also be used in ultrafast photonics to analyze the transmission dynamics of pulses in optical fibers. In addition, this model-free method is also used to predict the coherent dynamics of soliton-like transmission. However, at present, this kind of work is only based on numerical data-the next step in this field is obviously to explore the control model from the experimental data set.

(2) Chaotic system and instability

In the chaotic system, the measurement system that directly captures the breathing laser [] imposes serious restrictions on the experiment in complexity.

Machine learning can directly solve this problem. By training neural network to determine the time characteristics of chaotic field, only the intensity characteristics of spectrum need to be measured (which is easier to measure). Recently, a similar method has been used to determine the peak power, duration and time delay of extreme wandering solitons in noise continuous spectrum. In addition, similar applications have been extended to more complex systems, such as those observed in transient laser behavior and extreme events.

(3) Multidimensional system

One of the main advantages of neural network is that it can effectively analyze the characteristics of multidimensional systems. This is especially suitable for multimode optical fiber systems, because space-time coupling greatly increases the complexity of parameter space and nonlinear propagation dynamics. Uurtein of the Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland, drives a spatial light modulator through a neural network to generate supercontinuum spectrum in a step index distribution fiber, which proves the potential of machine learning.

Figure 4. Neural network structure (artistic effect diagram)

Source: Changchun Institute of Optics and Mechanics, Light Academic Publishing Center, New Media Working Group.

IV. Prospects and Challenges

Ultrafast photonic systems are very complex and usually nonlinear, and their dynamic characteristics are very sensitive to internal parameters and external disturbances. Due to the demand for stability, anti-interference robustness, adjustability and adaptive control, the complexity of these systems is increasing day by day. Machine learning technology, which can find hidden features and adapt independently when contacting new data, may play an important role in the next generation of ultra-fast systems and applications.

At the same time, in the application of ultrafast photonics, machine learning also faces the following challenges:

1) When using recursive networks, it is very important to sample pairs along the evolutionary dimension (time or distance) to extract and reproduce the long-term evolutionary structure. Therefore, memory limitation will become a problem, especially in lasers that require multiple cavity round trips to stabilize.

2) Unsupervised learning analysis divides data into subsets with similarities, but it lacks key information about the criteria used for classification.

3) When the photon system is processed in real time, it needs the ability to manage a large amount of data and a hardware framework that can cope with the ultra-fast processing speed.

To sum up, machine learning provides effective solutions for many problems encountered at this stage, which makes ultrafast photonics play an effective role in a wider range of fields. As Professor Goëry Genty said: "We believe that machine learning can play an important role in the next generation of laser light sources. Our work can inspire researchers to fully tap the potential of artificial intelligence in ultrafast photonics and its many applications. "

Article information

Genty, G., Salmela, L., Dudley, J.M. et al. Machine learning and applications in ultrafast photonics. Nat. Photonics (2020).

Original address

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-020-00716-4

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【】

Original title: Application of Machine Learning in Ultrafast Photonics

Read the original text

　　Xinhuanet reporter Wang Zihui

　　[While studying] At the National Conference on Ecological Environmental Protection held from May 18th to 19th, the Supreme Leader General Secretary delivered an important speech, which expounded his thoughts on ecological civilization completely and profoundly, which is of great significance for doing a good job in ecological environmental protection at present and in the future, and pushing China’s ecological civilization construction to a new level. On the occasion of World Environment Day on June 5th, Xinhua News Agency’s original brand column "Workshop" published an article for your interpretation.

　　In the critical period, it has entered the critical period and reached the window period. At the National Conference on Ecological Environmental Protection held from May 18th to 19th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a clear judgment on the overall situation of ecological civilization construction.

　　At this historic juncture of "three-phase superposition", how to push China’s ecological civilization construction to a new level? The supreme leader expounded his ecological civilization thought completely and profoundly, and gave a correct epistemology and scientific methodology.

　　In this important speech, three words appear repeatedly, which are the soul and main line running through the whole article. These three words are "common people".

　　The key to learning and understanding the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought is to deeply understand the central position of the people in the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought.

　　Provide more high-quality ecological products for the people.

　　It is necessary to take the obvious improvement of air quality as the rigid requirement, and return the people to blue sky, white clouds and stars. It is necessary to thoroughly implement the action plan for water pollution prevention and control, and give people the sight of clear water and green shores and shallow fish. It is necessary to fully implement the action plan for the prevention and control of soil pollution, so that ordinary people can eat and live with peace of mind. It is necessary to continue to carry out rural human settlements improvement actions and keep the idyllic scenery of birds and flowers for the people … …

　　These words of the supreme leader focus on the quality of life of ordinary people everywhere, and every sentence is in the hearts of ordinary people.

　　There is no substitute for the ecological environment, which is the fairest public product and the most inclusive people’s livelihood. The supreme leader stressed that solving outstanding ecological and environmental problems should be regarded as a priority area for people’s livelihood.

　　"I hope that the blue sky is always there, the green mountains are always there, and the green water is always there, so that children can live in a good ecological environment … …” The supreme leader spoke so affectionately more than once, showing deep people’s feelings.

　　The supreme leader emphasized that the ecological environment is a major political issue related to the party’s mission and purpose. The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s initial intention and mission is to seek happiness for the people of China, to revive the Chinese nation, and to serve the people wholeheartedly will always be the fundamental purpose of the Party.

　　This requirement is clear. We vigorously promote the construction of ecological civilization. The fundamental purpose is to respond to the people’s thoughts, expectations and urgency, provide more high-quality ecological products, and constantly meet the people’s growing needs for a beautiful ecological environment.

　　Constantly satisfying the people’s growing needs for a beautiful ecological environment is the most distinctive feature of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought and the fundamental starting point of all work in ecological civilization construction.

　　Create a Jinshan Yinshan with high quality development for the people.

　　Promoting green development in an all-round way is the inherent requirement of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought.

　　The Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed that Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. Promoting green development in an all-round way is not only to provide more high-quality ecological products for the people, but also to create a high-quality development Jinshan Yinshan for the people.

　　In the past few decades, China’s economy has maintained rapid growth for a long time, but the development model that relies too much on increasing material resources consumption, relying too much on extensive scale expansion, and relying too much on high-energy and high-emission industries has also accumulated certain structural problems.

　　As China’s economy changes from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage, it is urgent to change the development mode, optimize the economic structure and change the growth momentum in order to cross the major barrier of economic development. Green development is the development concept of innovation-oriented, intensive and efficient, and quality first. It is the only way to cultivate and expand new industries, new formats and new models.

　　An important aspect of the ecological civilization system planned by the supreme leader is the ecological economic system with industrial ecologicalization and ecological industrialization as the main body. In the supreme leader’s view, ecology is resources and ecology is productivity.

　　Just as he said to forestry workers when he inspected the suspension of logging in Shangganling forest area of Heilongjiang Province, "As long as you are hardworking and willing to do it, you will be able to harvest Jinshan Yinshan by guarding the green mountains and green hills."

　　At the national eco-environmental protection conference, the top leaders deployed key tasks to comprehensively promote green development, including adjusting the economic structure and energy structure, optimizing the layout of land space development, adjusting the industrial layout of regional river basins, cultivating and expanding energy-saving and environmental protection industries, clean production industries and clean energy industries, promoting comprehensive resource conservation and recycling, realizing the circular link between production systems and living systems, advocating a simple and moderate, green and low-carbon lifestyle, and opposing extravagance and waste and unreasonable consumption.

　　These tasks are very important for establishing and improving a green and low-carbon circular economic system and promoting high-quality development. Implementing these tasks well will inevitably bring more and more real sense of gain to the people.

　　Building a sustainable "green bank" for ordinary people

　　Ecological prosperity leads to civilized prosperity, while ecological decline leads to civilized decline. The construction of ecological civilization is a fundamental plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.

　　Chinese civilization has lasted for more than 5000 years. How to achieve sustainable development? Respecting nature, conforming to nature and protecting ecology are the answers given by the supreme leader.

　　The supreme leader vigorously promotes the construction of ecological civilization, but also wants to leave a "green bank" for future generations, which is the most fundamental and long-term development interest of the people.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has placed the construction of ecological civilization in the strategic position of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s "five in one" overall layout, and promoted historic, turning and overall changes in ecological environmental protection.

　　At the national conference on ecological environmental protection, the supreme leader put forward six principles to promote the construction of ecological civilization in the new era, demanding that the construction of the "five major systems" of ecological civilization be accelerated, and the deployment should resolutely fight the tough battle of pollution prevention and control. Each of these "six principles" and "five systems" is a fundamental and long-term work, and each of them is related to the background of a well-off society in an all-round way and the national rejuvenation plan.

　　In this speech, the Supreme Leader set a clear timetable for the construction of "Beautiful China": to ensure that by 2035, the ecological environment quality will be fundamentally improved and the goal of "Beautiful China" will be basically achieved. By the middle of this century, the five major civilizations will be upgraded in an all-round way, a green development mode and lifestyle will be fully formed, man and nature will coexist harmoniously, and the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity in the field of ecological environment will be fully realized, and a beautiful China will be built.

　　This "timetable" is closely related to the pace of building a well-off society in an all-round way and starting a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way determined by the 19 th National Congress. The supreme leader said earnestly that we must grit our teeth, climb this slope and cross this hurdle.

　　Upholding Party leadership and strengthening Party building are the "roots" and "souls" of state-owned enterprises. Zhuhai Communications Group Co., Ltd. is a wholly state-owned enterprise under the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of Zhuhai City. The Party Committee of Zhuhai Communications Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Zhuhai Communications Group") resolutely puts strengthening the party’s leadership into the overall strategic deployment of the enterprise, insists on the deep integration and integration of party building work with production and operation, and focuses on the main business of "helping Zhuhai to build a transportation network with internal connection and external expansion and efficient connection" around the general direction of "high-quality party building leading high-quality engineering construction". With the management concept of "three types and one integration" (leading, strict management, service-oriented and information-oriented), we spare no effort to insert party flag into the front line of the construction site, inject the red gene into the project construction, and fully roll out the demonstration of "red construction site", effectively transforming the political advantage of the party into the driving force for striving for quality engineering.

Party Committee of Zhuhai Communications Group won the title of "Advanced Grassroots Party Organization in Guangdong Province" in 2021.

　　Since its establishment, Zhuhai Transportation Group has undertaken more than 80 transportation projects, with a total investment of more than 80 billion yuan, with a total highway investment of about 49.236 billion yuan and a mileage of 381.4 kilometers. It has won a first prize for management innovation achievements of state-owned enterprises, a national high-quality project award, a highway transportation high-quality project award, four "National Municipal Jinbei Demonstration Project" awards and 103 provincial and ministerial awards. In 2021, the Party Committee of Zhuhai Communications Group won the honorary title of "Guangdong Advanced Grassroots Party Organization" and was the only municipal state-owned enterprise in Zhuhai to win this honor; Zhuhai Tunnel Project, Hegang Expressway Project, Xianghai Bridge Project (including feeder projects) and Jinhai Highway Bridge Project were awarded the title of "Red Site" demonstration project in Zhuhai in 2021, and the title of "Red Site" demonstration project for highway and waterway construction in Zhuhai in 2021 and 2022 respectively.

　　(A) strictly regulate the construction of grass-roots organizations, and vigorously inject "red genes"

　　The first is to select the best and strengthen the "first-line command". The Party Committee of Zhuhai Communications Group has fully summarized and absorbed the advanced practices and good experiences of party building and joint construction in construction projects, and comprehensively rolled out the creation of "red construction sites" in construction projects focusing on Zhuhai Tunnel, Hegang Expressway, Xianghai Bridge and Jinhai Highway Bridge, strictly implemented the "five haves and six haves" creation standards, and assembled construction, construction, supervision, survey and design units to establish party building and joint construction party branches. The general manager, director and chief engineer of each unit shall serve as the secretary and member of the Party branch of the United Party, implement "one post and two responsibilities", build a party building and co-construction mechanism that helps each other, promotes each other, shares resources and improves together, and effectively extend the tentacles of managing the party to the forefront of project construction.

　　The second is to build a "red gas station". The joint construction party branches insist on combining the position construction with the actual project construction, and have built high-standard hardware facilities such as party member activity room, party history study and education base, project workshop, cultural corridor, party-mass post station, VR safety experience hall, etc. at the project site, and effectively integrate the project production, quality, safety and progress into the political life and organizational life of the party by using regular meetings and project workshops according to local conditions, making party member education practical, effective and effective.

Construction of "Red Site" Positions of Joint Construction Party Branches

　　(B) in-depth education in party member, effectively lighting the "red engine."

　　First, strengthen political construction and build a solid ideological foundation. Guided by the party’s political construction, the joint party branches carry out in-depth study and education on party history in the first line of the project, carry out centralized study by making full use of "three meetings and one lesson", innovatively holding "lecture hall on party history" and "night party class", organize theme party day activities such as raising the national flag to sing the national anthem, watching red movies, visiting revolutionary sites and visiting party history exhibition halls, build "red promenade" and party history study and education bases in the project site, and guide party member from the first line.

　　The second is to serve the people and practice the initial mission. The joint construction party branches always take solving the people’s urgent difficulties and worries as their starting point and foothold, and take measures such as party member cadres’ first-line supervision, reversing the construction period plan, increasing resource input, organizing labor competitions, regular strict assessment and timely adjustment and rectification to promote the two key livelihood projects of Zhuhai SASAC, which have achieved the set goals with high quality and efficiency, greatly facilitating citizens’ travel. Earnestly serving the people, solving problems for front-line personnel, co-building with community party organizations along the project site, and actively participating in community volunteer service activities have narrowed the distance with the resident people and created a harmonious construction atmosphere.

　　The third is to deepen discipline construction and build a clean government defense line. Zhuhai Communications Group has undertaken major projects in Zhuhai, and it is particularly important to control the risk of clean government. All the joint party branches tamped with integrity prevention and control in an all-round and high-intensity way, and carried out activities such as party secretary’s lectures on integrity, knowledge contest on party rules and discipline, watching integrity education films, reminding people of integrity talks, and supervising integrity practitioners, which achieved publicity and education to the construction site, anti-corrosion responsibility to the post, integrity and self-discipline to ideas, and achieved two excellent "quality project" and "integrity project"; Combining the key links of the transportation industry, we have improved nearly 30 systems, such as the implementation rules of honesty and self-discipline, bidding management methods, contract management methods and design change management methods, and built a "firewall" of honesty; Implement special prevention and control in key areas and key links, and strengthen fund management in circulation links such as bidding, quality control, project payment, acceptance and settlement, and project change.

The joint party branches carry out party member education.

　　(C) vigorously promote the integration and mutual promotion of Party building and engineering construction, and fully stimulate the "red kinetic energy."

　　First, pay close attention to safety production. All joint construction party branches always put the implementation of safety in production in a prominent position, strictly implement the safety inspection plan, do a thorough investigation, rectification and routine inspection, and carry out project workshops, "Monday Safety Learning Day" activities, team "six small" construction, "May 1" test and detection skills competition, "pre-class meeting" competition, labor competition, "red armband" inspection and other forms.

　　The second is to focus on technological innovation. The joint construction party branches actively carry out the management concept of "three types and one integration" of Zhuhai Communications Group, put quality engineering in a prominent position, comprehensively promote the action of creating national excellence, and put six management innovations in the whole process of project implementation, including the access system for raw materials and temporary facilities, on-site "7S" standard management, dynamic first article acceptance system, process inspection and image retention system, BIM information management and safety information management platform, so as to comprehensively improve the quality of project construction. Zhuhai tunnel project strictly controls the access of raw materials and process supervision, and implements the first sample project acceptance system for key working procedures and parts; Hegang Expressway project combines the "red construction site" with the special action of project quality improvement and efficiency improvement, forming 57 technical points of green project creation and 23 technical demonstration highlights in 10 categories; Xianghai Bridge Project actively promotes the application and innovation of new technologies, implements classified management and hierarchical control of construction schemes, strictly implements expert argumentation and review of major schemes, and specially controls the special acceptance of working procedures; Jinhai Highway Bridge project vigorously promotes advanced and reliable construction technology and carries out technological innovation, such as using drip irrigation+one cloth and one film or film winding and spraying to maintain concrete members, which effectively ensures the engineering quality.

The joint party branches lead the quality engineering construction with the mode of "Party Building +N"

　　Effect of reform

　　First, the battle fortress was effectively built. The Party branch of each league effectively unites all the participating units, vigorously promotes the "Party Building +N" working mode, promotes the combination of party building work with project research and technical excellence, and effectively builds the battle fortress of the party branch in the front line of the construction site, providing a strong organizational guarantee for the project construction and a joint effort to overcome difficulties. Especially in the prevention and control of epidemic situation in Zhuhai in early 2022, the joint party branches went to the front line of community war and epidemic, while paying close attention to production and construction, which fully demonstrated the responsibility and responsibility of state-owned enterprises.

　　Second, the vanguard model is effectively highlighted. The joint party branches actively set up a pioneer model platform in party member, divided the responsibility areas in party member, set up a safety and quality supervision post in party member, a volunteer service team in party member, and a technical research team in party member, and set up party member vanguard teams to fight epidemic, rescue, create excellence, coordinate and guarantee, and tackle key technical problems, so as to promote party member to always show its identity, commitment and performance in key areas and important links. From July to September, 2021, party member, the Party branch of Hegang Expressway Project, actively played the vanguard and exemplary role and the spirit of "building an iron army", took the lead in grabbing progress and tackling difficulties, and promoted the trial operation of the first phase of Hegang Expressway more than three months ahead of schedule, effectively alleviating the east-west traffic pressure in Zhuhai during the 13th China International Aviation and Aerospace Expo.

Zhuhai Hegang Expressway Phase I Project

　　Third, the progress and quality of the project construction are effectively ensured. The comprehensive establishment of the "red construction site" has enabled all the party organizations of the participating units to work in the same direction for the same goal, effectively improving the rigid contractual relationship between Party A and Party B, creating a good atmosphere of equality, interaction and mutual assistance, and greatly enhancing the promotion and effectiveness of project construction. By the end of November, 2022, Zhuhai Communications Group had completed more than 50 key projects, including Honghe Bridge, Jinqin Express Line, Xianghai Bridge branch project Meihua Interchange to Beizao Interchange, Hegang Expressway Jiangzhu Expressway to Airport East Road, which was officially opened to traffic on December 15, 2020, Hegang Expressway from Airport East Road to Airport Expressway, which was opened to traffic at the end of September, 2021, and Xianghai Bridge on November 6, 2022. By the end of October 2022, Hegang Expressway had completed an annual investment of 919 million yuan, accounting for 83.52% of the annual investment plan; The accumulated investment is 7.668 billion yuan, accounting for 89.42% of the total investment. The second phase of Hegang Expressway is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2022 and opened to traffic in the first half of 2023. Jinhai Highway Bridge completed an annual investment of 758 million yuan, accounting for 86.14% of the annual investment plan; The accumulated investment is 4.747 billion yuan, accounting for 74.84% of the estimated investment. The first phase of the project is planned to be completed and opened to traffic in the second half of 2023. Zhuhai Tunnel completed an annual investment of 515 million yuan, accounting for 83.6% of the annual investment plan; The accumulated investment was 1.1 billion yuan,It accounts for 24.8% of the approved budget, and the project is expected to be completed and opened to traffic in 2024.

Honghe Bridge in Zhuhai

Zhuhai Xianghai Bridge

　　Next, the Party Committee of Zhuhai Communications Group will continue to adhere to the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, consolidate and expand the grass-roots party building working mechanism that is consistent with the development goal of the main business, match the production mode and coordinate the management mode, fully activate the kinetic energy of "red construction site" creation, promote institutionalized implementation, standardized management and quality improvement, realize high-quality project construction led by high-quality party building, and contribute to Zhuhai’s high-quality construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics modern international special economic zone in the new era.

In dry and cold climate, the defense function of human respiratory tract is easy to decrease, so every winter is the season of high incidence of respiratory tract infections. This year’s situation is a bit special. Although the common respiratory pathogens are popular in previous years, they can’t hold back and launch an offensive, making many children and even adults recruited.

Judging from the current situation, mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus are the main causes of respiratory infection in children this year. In view of these pathogens, we asked Fu Peipei, the pediatric attending physician of Beijing Friendship Hospital, to sort out their respective infection characteristics, clinical manifestations, treatment methods and preventive suggestions, hoping to help everyone spend the epidemic peak of respiratory infection more effectively and smoothly.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pathogen between bacteria and viruses, and children are generally susceptible. Pneumonia caused by this pathogen is common in preschool and school-age children.

In Beijing, the previous epidemic season of mycoplasma pneumoniae was winter, and most of them were mild. Compared with previous years, the epidemic time of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was earlier this year, and it spread widely, and the cases of severe pneumonia and refractory pneumonia increased significantly. However, from the overall situation of children infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae, upper respiratory tract infection is still the majority.

symptom

After being infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae, the main symptom is fever or cough. Children with mild illness may have mild fever or cough, and some of them will get better on their own. When pneumonia develops, children often show moderate or high fever, severe cough, and even spasmodic cough like pertussis and prolonged cough. More serious severe mycoplasma pneumonia usually occurs in the course of about 1 week, and children may have shortness of breath or dyspnea.

suggestion

Persistent high fever > 3 days or fever > 7 days, or dyspnea, chest pain, poor spirit, headache, convulsions, frequent vomiting, etc., it is recommended to seek medical advice in time.

treat

For mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, the first choice drugs are still macrolides, including azithromycin, erythromycin and clarithromycin. For drug-resistant mycoplasma infection, children over 8 years old can choose tetracycline drugs, such as doxycycline and minocycline.

Children with mild pneumonia need not be hospitalized, but can be observed and treated at home; Children with severe pneumonia are advised to be hospitalized in time. Parents should not give their children antibiotics by themselves, but must choose a treatment plan suitable for their children’s condition under the guidance of a doctor.

prevent

It should be noted that Mycoplasma pneumoniae is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets, and the incubation period is 1-3 weeks. At present, there is no vaccine to prevent Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Developing good hygiene habits, such as wearing masks and washing hands frequently, is the main means to avoid infection.

Influenza virus

Influenza, referred to as influenza for short, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus. Influenza A and B are seasonal epidemic every year, and generally all parts of China have entered the influenza epidemic season since October.

According to the data released by the Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the number of influenza cases in Beijing has increased rapidly recently, and it is prevalent with many other pathogens. For influenza virus, people are generally susceptible, and children under 5 years old and elderly people over 65 years old are prone to serious complications, so they are also called high-risk groups of influenza.

symptom

After being infected with influenza virus, fever, headache, myalgia and general malaise are the main manifestations, and the body temperature can be as high as 39℃-40℃. Some children have cough, but it is not severe, and it can also be accompanied by nasal congestion, runny nose and conjunctival congestion. Children infected with B-stream may have digestive tract symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. When the newborn is infected with influenza, it can be manifested as drowsiness, refusal to milk, apnea and so on.

Some mild children can get better on their own, and their fever gradually decreases after 3-4 days of onset, and their systemic symptoms get better, but it may take a long time for cough and physical recovery. Severe children may have serious complications such as pneumonia, myositis, acute necrotizing encephalopathy and septic shock.

suggestion

For children with persistent high fever for more than 3 days, or with symptoms such as dyspnea, poor spirit, chest pain and frequent vomiting, it is recommended to seek medical advice in time.

treat

The main treatment of influenza is antiviral therapy, and three drugs are often used in clinic: 1. Neuraminidase inhibitors, such as oseltamivir, zanamivir, palamivir, etc., can prevent the virus from being released from host cells and have the effect of resisting influenza A and B; 2. Balofloxacin can inhibit the initiation of mRNA synthesis and prevent virus proliferation. It is effective for both influenza A and influenza B, and is suitable for children aged ≥5 years and weighing ≥20kg. 3. Adamantane drugs, which act on M2 protein of influenza A virus, can prevent the virus from replicating efficiently, but have no effect on influenza B virus. However, the strains of influenza A virus spread since 2009 are generally resistant to adamantane drugs and are not recommended.

prevent

The incubation period of influenza virus is 1-7 days, usually 2-4 days. Vaccination against influenza is the most effective means to prevent influenza, which can reduce the incidence of influenza and the risk of serious complications. High-risk groups with a history of contact with influenza virus can take drugs within 48 hours, such as taking oseltamivir or zanamivir (the dose is the same as the therapeutic dose, once a day for 7 days).

Respiratory syncytial virus

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important virus pathogen causing acute lower respiratory tract infection in children under 5 years old worldwide. In addition, it is also an important pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection in the elderly and immunocompromised people. Respiratory syncytial virus can also cause upper respiratory tract infections such as rhinitis and colds in older children and adults.

symptom

The clinical manifestations of children infected with respiratory syncytial virus vary greatly. Children’s early respiratory syncytial virus infection is mostly confined to the upper respiratory tract, showing symptoms such as fever, stuffy nose, runny nose and cough. It can also develop into pneumonia, which is common in infants and children under 2 years old. It is characterized by cough, excessive phlegm, wheezing, dyspnea and feeding difficulties.

suggestion

Infants and young children are infected with respiratory syncytial virus, so it is suggested to check the etiology in time, and pay attention to the breathing situation of children. If they have difficulty breathing, wheezing and poor mental health, they should seek medical advice in time.

treat

At present, there is no specific drug for respiratory syncytial virus infection, and people with normal immune function are generally self-limited after infection, and do not need special treatment, which will rarely cause serious complications. The main treatment principle is symptomatic support treatment to relieve the symptoms of cough, wheezing and dyspnea in children. For children with lower respiratory tract infection, interferon antiviral therapy can be tried.

prevent

The incubation period of respiratory syncytial virus is 2-8 days, usually 4-6 days. At present, there is no respiratory syncytial virus vaccine for children. Palizumab is a specific antibody against respiratory syncytial virus, which can be used to prevent infection in high-risk groups, but it has not been introduced into domestic clinical application. Therefore, developing good hygiene habits is still the main means to avoid infection at present.

adenovirus

Adenovirus is a common virus of respiratory tract infection in children, and it is also one of the more serious types of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Acute infectious diseases caused by adenovirus easily invade respiratory tract and digestive tract mucosa, conjunctiva, urinary tract and lymph nodes, mainly manifested as acute upper respiratory tract infection, followed by eye and gastrointestinal tract infection. People are generally susceptible, especially children, and infants are prone to adenovirus pneumonia, with serious illness and high mortality.

symptom

Children infected with adenovirus often show high fever, and most of them have high fever above 39℃ at the beginning of the disease, which may be accompanied by cough and wheezing (wheezing is usually seen in infants aged 6 months to 2 years). Mild children’s body temperature can return to normal in about 7-11 days, and other symptoms will disappear; Severe children with high fever can last for 2-4 weeks, and dyspnea usually begins 3-5 days after illness, accompanied by symptoms of systemic poisoning, listlessness or irritability, irritability and even convulsions. Some children have diarrhea, vomiting, and even severe abdominal distension. A few children have conjunctival congestion and tonsil secretion.

suggestion

For children with adenovirus infection, besides observing their body temperature changes, they also need to observe their breathing conditions. If they have difficulty breathing, wheezing, poor spirits and frequent vomiting, they should seek medical advice in time.

treat

Similar to the situation of respiratory syncytial virus, there is no specific drug for adenovirus infection, and people with normal immune function are self-limited after being infected with adenovirus and do not need special treatment. In most cases, the treatment principle of adenovirus is symptomatic supportive treatment, mainly to relieve children’s discomfort such as high fever and cough. Children with serious complications need to be hospitalized in time.

prevent

The incubation period of adenovirus is generally 2-21 days, with an average of 3-8 days. Similarly, there is no vaccine to prevent adenovirus infection. The main preventive measure to avoid infection is still to develop good hygiene habits.

Physician’s explanation

Can I take medicine by myself after seeing the test results of mycoplasma?

At present, there are many methods to detect mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in clinic, but sometimes the test results are false positive or false negative. Why?

1. Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae nucleic acid

The specimen of this detection method is throat swab or nose swab, which can be used for RNA or DNA detection. RNA can be degraded with the death of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, so it can be used as an index to evaluate the infection, prognosis and drug efficacy of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. After the death of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, DNA can still exist in some patients for 7 weeks to 7 months, and it is not easy to degrade, so the DNA test results can not be used to evaluate the acute infection and treatment effect of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

2. Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody
The specimen of this detection method is blood, and some hospitals can collect fingertip peripheral blood. IgM antibody is the most common detection method. Because this antibody generally starts to rise within 1 week of the initial infection, reaches the peak in 2-3 weeks, drops in 3-4 weeks, and drops to the lowest in 2-3 months, therefore, the positive antibody does not mean that the child currently has acute infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

In addition, some hospitals can detect PA (total antibody) in venous blood, and the serum antibody titer of children with mycoplasma pneumoniae is ≥1∶160 as the diagnostic standard of recent or acute infection of mycoplasma pneumoniae, but the positive detection rate is also limited due to the time window limitation of antibody appearance.

To sum up, various detection methods have their advantages and disadvantages. Among them, the RNA detection with high accuracy is limited by the sampling method and the cooperation degree of children, and false negative can also occur; Although IgM antibody detection is convenient, its accuracy is not good. Therefore, parents should not judge by themselves when they see the relevant test results. They need to consult a doctor and listen to professional treatment advice.

As the weather becomes colder and colder, the human body will also react, for example, blood pressure may fluctuate. Therefore, besides wearing clothes to keep warm, we should also pay attention to the changes of blood pressure and beware of the "silent killer" of high blood pressure.

Hypertension will not only increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, but also cause a series of serious health problems. Fortunately, hypertension can be effectively controlled through early monitoring and management. So, how to realize the early detection of hypertension and take appropriate management measures?

At least one in five adults has hypertension,

About 80% of patients failed to get adequate treatment.

In 2023, the World Health Organization released the Global Hypertension Report, which showed that the number of patients with hypertension in the world has doubled in the past 30 years, from 650 million in 1990 to 1.3 billion in 2019. Among them, nearly half of patients with hypertension don’t know their own illness, and about 80% of patients have not been adequately treated. According to the "Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension in China (Revised Edition in 2024)" issued by the China Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension, the weighted prevalence rate of hypertension among adults over 18 years old in China was 27.5% in 2018. It is equivalent to at least one hypertension in every five adults.

It is noteworthy that the prevalence of hypertension among young and middle-aged people is on the rise.Hypertension in young and middle-aged people is mostly "hidden" and has no obvious symptoms in the early stage. For them, early identification and management of hypertension is particularly important.

Hypertension is closely related to the complications of heart, brain, kidney and blood vessels, which can easily lead to a series of serious health problems. The guideline points out that there is a close causal relationship between the blood pressure level in the clinic and the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and death.Every liter of systolic blood pressure of 20 mm Hg or every liter of diastolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg increases the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Besides cardiovascular risk, hypertension is also an important risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Elevated blood pressure is also closely related to dementia.

Effective prevention and control of hypertension is not only an important guarantee for individual health, but also an important measure to curb cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It has become a top priority to optimize the management and treatment of hypertension and improve the public awareness rate.

To control blood pressure, the first thing is to measure it regularly and find it early.

Do you know your blood pressure at different times? Blood pressure measurement is very important for blood pressure control. In the guideline, clinic blood pressure measurement is no longer the only means to diagnose and evaluate hypertension, and clinic blood pressure, family blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure level can all be used as the basis for hypertension diagnosis. Among them, ambulatory blood pressure has attracted more and more attention, especially in identifying hidden, white coat and nighttime hypertension. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring has advantages, which can evaluate blood pressure risk more accurately and comprehensively. Ambulatory blood pressure values also provide doctors with the basis for making treatment plans.

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring also plays an important role in the management and control of hypertension. By judging the blood pressure readings of the human body in different time periods and different living conditions, it can help the public to understand and master the laws and characteristics of their blood pressure fluctuations in time.

With the technological innovation in the industry, wearable blood pressure measuring equipment came into being. Compared with traditional electronic sphygmomanometer, wearable devices break through the limitation of blood pressure measurement environment to a certain extent, and users can monitor blood pressure anytime and anywhere, significantly increasing the number of blood pressure measurements.

"Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension in China (Revised Edition, 2024)" mentioned that up to now, wearable wrist electronic sphygmomanometer and wristwatch with oscillometric technology have passed the accuracy verification and can be used for daily blood pressure monitoring.

Wang Jiguang, director of hypertension department of Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine.

On November 26th, 2024, Huawei watch d2 was unveiled, which is Huawei’s second-generation wrist ambulatory blood pressure recorder. It first supported ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and has obtained 7 global medical certifications. As a representative of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring equipment, Huawei watch d2 is light and thin, which can bring users a comfortable wearing experience and make daily blood pressure monitoring more portable.

Huawei watch d2 is equipped with Xuanji sensing system, and adopts blood pressure fusion algorithm and ultra-narrow mechanical airbag to realize medical-grade accurate ambulatory blood pressure measurement, and can generate ambulatory blood pressure report to show the user’s blood pressure data all day. At the same time, Huawei watch d2 has been adapted and adjusted by real user data to ensure that users can accurately measure blood pressure whether standing, sitting or semi-lying. When sleeping at night, the airbag automatically inflates and measures, and the pressure is stable, which is not limited by sleeping posture and does not affect the quality of sleep.

At the same time, users can also view family blood pressure health reports, timely reminders of abnormal blood pressure data and other health data at any time in the family space of HUAWEI Health app on the mobile phone, so as to protect family health remotely.

In addition to monitoring blood pressure,

And do these things well.

Lifestyle is a very important reason for the large number of patients with hypertension. Whether it is to prevent or manage hypertension, we should do the following things well.

0one

Low sodium diet

A low-sodium diet is good for controlling blood pressure. The guidelines point out that all patients with hypertension should take various measures to limit their sodium intake. Those with good renal function are recommended to choose low sodium and rich potassium instead of salt. The guideline makes it clear that compared with common salt, low sodium and rich potassium salt can significantly lower blood pressure, reduce stroke and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and death.

A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 2023 found that a low-sodium diet can reduce systolic blood pressure. The researchers said in the paper that the effect is similar to that of commonly used first-line antihypertensive drugs.

02

Moderate exercise

The guide emphasizes that for hypertensive patients with well-controlled blood pressure, mixed training with aerobic exercise as the mainstay and resistance exercise as the supplement is recommended, and it is also recommended to combine breathing training with flexibility and stretching training.

A study published in the Journal of Clinical Hypertension in 2021 found that after walking for 3 months, most people’s blood pressure dropped by about 2-3 mm Hg. According to the researchers, for patients with hypertension, walking 4000-8000 steps a day can achieve ideal results in reducing hypertension.

0three

Regular schedule

The guide has added some suggestions about sleep in the intervention chapter of treating life style. Patients with hypertension should keep healthy sleep and improve sleep disorders. Healthy sleep includes adequate sleep time and good sleep quality. Shorter sleep time will increase the risk of hypertension, and insomnia is related to cardiovascular death and all-cause death.

It is recommended that adults sleep for 7-9 hours every night to ensure the quality of sleep and work and rest on time.

0four

Stay away from alcohol and tobacco

According to the guideline, smoking is recognized as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease and death, and the greater the smoking amount and the longer the smoking time, the higher the risk of cardiovascular disease and death. Secondhand smoke exposure also increases cardiovascular risks such as coronary heart disease and stroke. In addition, the frequency of drinking increases, and the risk of hypertension will also increase.

0five

Managing stress

With the rapid development of social economy, the pace of life is accelerating, social competition is becoming increasingly fierce, and psychological pressure caused by various factors is gradually increasing. Patients with hypertension are more likely to have mental and psychological problems.

In short, regular monitoring of blood pressure and a good lifestyle can achieve the goal of stable blood pressure. Enjoy health every day!

Editor: Xi Yuxuan

Information: Health Times

* Please indicate the official WeChat from Yangpu, Shanghai.

ShangguanNo. Author: Shanghai Yangpu

　　CCTV News:According to WeChat official account, WeChat of Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, cyberspace is the common spiritual home of hundreds of millions of netizens.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has attached great importance to the work of cyber security, and put forward a series of new ideas, new ideas and new strategies on the governance of cyberspace, which has provided a fundamental follow-up and direction for the governance of cyberspace in the new era.

　　Strengthening network security supervision, safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of netizens and making cyberspace clear have always been the direction of the network security department of public security organs across the country.

　　During the National Day holiday, the national public security organs resolutely implemented the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, stuck to their posts, constantly strengthened online public inspections and law enforcement, paid close attention to network security supervision, severely cracked down on outstanding crimes, purified the network ecological environment, maintained online order and stability, and protected cyberspace security, effectively enhancing people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security.

　　◆ Great achievements and full efforts to maintain cyberspace security

　　Without network security, there is no national security.

　　In recent years, the network security department of public security organs across the country has standardized and orderly promoted related work through a series of effective measures, such as strengthening online public inspection and law enforcement, carrying out internet security supervision, guiding and supervising network security protection, and cracking down on the rectification of "network water army", and has achieved remarkable results, effectively safeguarding cyberspace security.

　　— — Since the launch of the online police patrol law enforcement account, we have continued to strengthen the construction of the network police’s regular public patrol law enforcement mechanism, comprehensively improve the online "seeing police rate", and educate and warn and stop a large number of network violations and bad behaviors according to law.

　　— — Continue to strengthen the source governance of network platforms, promote Internet security supervision and administrative law enforcement, rectify network application services with prominent illegal and harmful information and all kinds of network services used to commit illegal crimes according to law, and strictly investigate the enterprises involved in cybercrime cases for failing to fulfill their network security management obligations according to law.

　　— — On the basis of actively promoting the construction of network security level protection system, key information infrastructure protection system and data security protection system, guide and supervise network operators to implement the main responsibility; Intensify law enforcement inspection and special rectification, strengthen network security notification and early warning and incident handling, and continuously strengthen network security supervision and management.

　　— — Continue to carry out the "network water army" special crackdown and rectification, broaden the sources of clues, launch multiple cluster campaigns, and form a powerful shock; Actively cooperate with relevant authorities to investigate and deal with them according to law, punish companies and personnel who violate laws and regulations, and further squeeze the activity space of the "network water army".

　　In the next step, the network security department of public security organs across the country will continue to strengthen cooperation and cooperation with relevant departments and units in accordance with the working idea of "opening the way and promoting governance by cracking down", continue to promote comprehensive governance, and earnestly safeguard the network public opinion ecology, market economic order and the legitimate rights and interests of the broad masses of the people.

　　◆ Do your duty and stick to the front line of the network during the National Day holiday.

　　Network security is for people, and network security depends on people.

　　During the National Day holiday, in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of netizens, the network security department of the public security organs throughout the country insisted on keeping the soil and doing its duty, and always adhered to the front line of maintaining network security, fully guarding the clearness and tranquility of cyberspace.

　　Beijing network police constantly strengthen online inspection and law enforcement, stop the spread of illegal information in time, keep a close eye on suspicious information on the Internet, publicly refute false information, popularize network security knowledge, warn of network security risks, and "show a sword" to network illegal activities to effectively safeguard cyberspace security.

　　Jiangsu network police always stick to their posts, find and dispose of information about network crimes in time, deter and stop network crimes according to law, and strive to create a clear and orderly network environment for the majority of netizens to spend a peaceful and peaceful National Day holiday.

　　Shanghai Cyber Police stick to "7×24 hours" in cyberspace, deepen Internet security supervision, join hands with Internet companies to build a network security barrier, and spare no effort to protect network security and maintain network order.

　　Liaoning network police focus on important industries and fields such as public communication and information services, pay close attention to security protection, perceive the risk of network security threats in an all-weather, all-round and regular manner, respond to network security incidents in a timely manner, and build a strong network security defense line.

　　Perseverance, for a long time.

　　The cyber security departments of public security organs all over the country always put people’s interests first, performed their duties conscientiously, cracked down on all kinds of cyber crimes, responded to the concerns of netizens, increased the publicity of cyber security, actively guided netizens to jointly create a clean and tidy cyberspace, and greeted the party’s twentieth victory with practical actions.

　　◆ Warm heart tips remind netizens to surf the Internet safely during holidays.

　　During the National Day holiday, the network security department of the public security organs throughout the country also issued a series of warm-hearted tips to remind netizens to surf the Internet safely, further improve their awareness of network security, create a good atmosphere for civilized Internet access, and build a network security defense line together.

　　— — Don’t believe in scams such as low prices and returning changes. Criminals generally promise to purchase discounted air tickets and obtain customers’ personal identity information, and then use various means to urge customers to pay the purchase money into the designated account. Once the payment is successful, they will fabricate reasons such as "flight delay" and "aircraft mechanical failure" to refuse to pay the air tickets, and the majority of netizens will choose regular airlines to purchase tickets during holidays; During the period of prevention and control of normalized epidemic situation, criminals often use the pretext that the epidemic situation has affected the train stop to "refund and change the ticket", push the short message of refund and change the link, guide the victim to fill in personal information such as name, ID card, bank card and verification code in the link, and then implement fund theft. The majority of netizens should pay attention to correctly identifying the official information of the railway department and not clicking unfamiliar links.

　　— — Beware of "unknown" bar codes and WiFi signals when traveling. During holidays, many public places and scenic spots provide free WiFi signals to tourists. These free WiFi signals are easily used by criminals, and then invade tourists’ mobile phone systems through the network. The majority of netizens should use WiFi signals in public places carefully; When traveling during holidays, the usage of QR codes has surged. It is easy to hide dangerous websites or mobile phone viruses in "unfamiliar" QR codes, which can easily steal user information and even threaten users’ property safety. The majority of netizens should carefully scan "unfamiliar" QR codes.

　　— — Don’t shop on "fake" websites. During the holidays, many people will choose to shop online, and phishing websites are also beginning to stir. Once users click on the "fictional" website link, they are likely to be infected with viruses, and their online banking accounts and passwords will be at risk of being stolen. The majority of netizens should choose shopping websites or apps with certification marks to buy items.

　　— — Enterprises should beware of "technology" attacks. With the holiday holidays of major enterprises and institutions, it is inevitable that there will be a lack of network security guards and weakened protection measures. If hacked, it will face the risk of data being stolen and services being destroyed. All units should shut down or shut down unnecessary systems and services, power off unused computers, and turn on anti-virus and anti-intrusion security reinforcement for servers.

　　The network security department of the national public security organ reminded that once it is illegally infringed, it is necessary to take screenshots in time, keep relevant evidence in time, and call the police for help in time.

"The Big Bang Theory" and "Friends" starred in the same box.

　 　 1905 movie network news On January 25th, kaley cuoco, the leading actor, took a photo of five leading actors and four leading actors in The Big Bang Theory on social networking sites. As soon as this photo came out, it immediately aroused a wave among Chinese and foreign netizens, and everyone was saying "I’ve seen it for a long time".

　 　 The nine actors in the photo include Rachel Jennifer Aniston, Monica courtney cox, Phoebe lisa kudrow, Joey matt leblanc and Ross david schwimmer in Friends. And "Sheldon" Jim Parsons, "Penny" kaley cuoco, "Howard" simon helberg and "Leonard" Johnny Galecki in The Big Bang Theory. Although "Chandler" matthew perry didn’t attend the rehearsal in London, and "Raj" Kunal Nayyar regretted not showing up, the combination of nine leading actors in two classic dramas was enough to make netizens excited.

The Friends Six in those days.

Several protagonists in The Big Bang Theory

　 　 Among them, many netizens said that "I have lived for a long time in my lifetime", "I was young that year", "I really want to cry", "My Rachel is frozen, still beautiful, still handsome" and "my dream comes true, I hope that one day the two favorite celestial groups can meet, and it really appears, Jennifer is still the most beautiful, Joey is old, and Chandler is missing … Sorry. . Time flies and my heart remains the same. "

　 　 As for why the actors of the two classic series have this historic frame, it is actually because James Bros, the director of Friends and The Big Bang Theory, has directed more than 1,000 episodes of American TV series, and NBC will shoot a "Celebration Special of Directing 1,000 episodes" to celebrate his achievements. The leading actors of many series, including Friends and The Big Bang Theory, will gather to participate in the performance, which is the reason for everyone to get together. And this "photo of the century", which excites everyone, is also being filmed at a dinner to celebrate James Bross’s 1000 episodes of American TV series.

James Bross

　 　 Now 75-year-old James Bross has directed Friends, The Big Bang Theory, Will and Grace, and so on, including the memorable first episode of Friends.

　　Cctv news(News broadcast): The Chairman of the Supreme Leader attended the G-20 leaders’ special summit on coping with COVID-19 in Beijing and delivered an important speech entitled "Fighting the epidemic together to overcome the difficulties". Adhering to the concept of the community of human destiny and combining with the practical experience of China in fighting the epidemic, he put forward four initiatives on strengthening international cooperation in epidemic prevention and control and stabilizing the world economy, which conveyed strong confidence in the global fight against the epidemic and triggered enthusiastic responses at home and abroad.

　　In his speech, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader pointed out that the epidemic is spreading all over the world, and what the international community needs most is firm confidence, Qi Xin’s concerted efforts and United response, so as to win the human struggle against major infectious diseases. President Xi proposed that the global war of prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic should be firmly fought, and international joint prevention and control should be effectively carried out. The leaders of many countries attending the meeting fully recognized this.

　　French President Macron pointed out in his speech that, as the Chairman of the Supreme Leader said, the international community needs to respond in unity and strengthen coordination. In this situation, we need global solidarity.

　　In his speech, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader emphasized that China is willing to share the beneficial practices of prevention and control with other countries, carry out joint research and development of drugs and vaccines, and provide assistance to countries where the epidemic has spread. This move has been widely praised by the international community.

　　The Lancet, an authoritative international medical journal, called on the international community to respond to the epidemic in the spirit of unity and cooperation in an editorial entitled "Learning Experience" on 27th, and emphasized the importance of learning from China’s experience.

　　At present, the situation of epidemic prevention and control in China continues to improve, and the order of production and life has been accelerated. However, the global epidemic situation is accelerating and spreading, and the growth of world economy and trade has been seriously affected. The Chairman of the Supreme Leader proposed to actively support the role of international organizations and strengthen the coordination of international macroeconomic policies. He also called on G20 members to take joint measures to reduce tariffs, remove barriers and smooth trade. This pragmatic initiative is of great significance.