Author: Yang Zhongyang

　　Recently, "end-to-end" has been on fire in the car circle! Tesla’s benchmark demonstration effect based on the "end-to-end" FSDV12 (fully autonomous driving) scheme, and the rumors of joining China, have driven companies such as "Wei Xiaoli" and service providers such as Huawei and Horizon to turn around and add end-to-end autonomous driving technology.

　　The so-called "end-to-end" actually comes from the concept of deep learning, and English is "end-to-end (E2e)", which means that through an AI model, the final result can be output as long as the original data is input. When it is applied to the field of automatic driving, it means that only one model is needed to convert the sensing information collected by sensors such as camera, millimeter-wave radar and laser radar into specific operating instructions such as the steering angle of the vehicle, the stepping depth of the accelerator pedal and the braking strength, so that the vehicle can realize automatic driving. In the words of He Xiaopeng, the founder of Xpeng Motors, it is "very silky" and more like "human drivers driving".

　　Previously, most autonomous driving systems on the market were traditional modular, that is, a mix-and-match system with artificial and intelligent worlds: perception relied on neural networks, and planning and control used algorithms designed manually by humans. The advantage of this system is that the division of labor is clear, and it is convenient to check and solve the defects in modules. But the problem is that this modular automatic driving system performs well in relatively simple driving tasks, and its ceiling is obvious in the face of complex driving tasks. Even the so-called advanced intelligent driving function of the city, which is far ahead, still has a sense of machinery, and it will also stop when it merges into the expressway and passes through a large intersection.

　　Considering that the core challenge of autonomous driving is to solve endless edge scenes, the cost and time of solving the infinite long tail problem with limited manpower are incalculable, and data and modeling have become an inevitable trend. However, end-to-end, it is also a difficult technical job that needs careful polishing by the master.

　　On the one hand, end-to-end needs massive high-quality data "feeding" training. Unlike the big language model, which can crawl a large amount of text data on the Internet for training, the cost and difficulty of obtaining video data for end-to-end intelligent driving are extremely high. Take Tesla as an example. At present, its FSD has accumulated more than 20 million human driving video clips, and the data collection cost of this scale only needs 5 billion to 8 billion yuan.

　　On the other hand, end-to-end needs the support of powerful computing power. Automatic driving involves technologies and solutions such as lidar, image perception and V2X vehicle-road coordination. Powerful computing power is not only conducive to real-time processing of massive data, reducing data transmission delay, but also better supporting the whole scene for smart cities, smart transportation, high-level autonomous driving and so on. However, the computing power growth of domestic enterprises such as Huawei BU, Baidu Jiyue, Weilai, Ideality, Geely, Great Wall, Tucki, etc. are currently facing major bottlenecks.

　　The problem is that the constraints of computing power and data will significantly affect the development of the algorithm. Although UniAD, an end-to-end autopilot model put forward by domestic academic circles, won the Best Paper Award of CPVR in 2023, which provides a reference direction for domestic enterprises, but UniAD developed under the open-loop verification system and small sample data still needs some engineering transformation and large-scale data training.

　　In addition, the upper and lower limits of the autopilot system will be enlarged end to end. Because the end-to-end construction is a neural network black box, in the process of obtaining a higher upper limit, some of the interpretability of the traditional module scheme is transferred. How to retain the interpretability in the autopilot system and characterize the rules that should not be overstepped, such as don’t run a red light, into the neural network to ensure the end-to-end application and evolution safely, will also be an important topic for regulatory engineers.

　　There are two routes to climb Mount Everest: one is the northern slope of Tibet, China, and the other is the southern slope of Nepal. Whether you choose to climb from the south slope or the north slope, you will eventually reach the same peak. This is similar to the current development path of autonomous driving. Although it is still difficult to determine that end-to-end is the optimal solution or final solution of autonomous driving, this does not hinder the innovation and exploration of enterprises. After all, end-to-end can handle extreme cases better than traditional modular methods, and it represents a more efficient way to reduce the dependence on manual coding. Based on this path, perhaps autonomous driving can lead to a higher stage. (Yang Zhongyang)

　　Xiong Zhuowei, a professor of medicine in Peking University, finally died in the First Hospital of Peking University. The attending doctor who rescued her was only a student of Peking University Medical College and was not qualified to practice medicine. What we heard about illegal medical practice in the past is generally in black clinics. How can there be illegal medical practice in a nationally famous third-class first-class (public) hospital like Peking University First Hospital? It’s incredible. Illegal medical practice is by no means a small problem, which is directly related to how to guarantee and protect the people’s right to see a doctor and life. The First Hospital of Peking University is openly breaking the law, which is to make fun of people’s lives. Can the health department at a higher level, which is responsible for supervision, be unaware of the illegal practice of medicine in this hospital? Why didn’t knowing the truth resolutely correct it and develop to such an out-of-control degree?

　　Xinhuanet Beijing, February 27th (Reporter Lu Junyu) From March, a number of new laws and regulations will be formally implemented, which will affect our lives.

　　New national regulations

　　A 0.1% service charge will be charged if Alipay credit card repays more than 2,000 yuan.

　　The feast of free credit card repayment is gradually shrinking. After the full payment of credit card repayment by WeChat, Alipay will also cancel the policy of free credit card repayment. On February 21st, Weibo, the official Alipay, issued an announcement on "Adjustment of Alipay Credit Card Repayment Service Rules". According to the announcement, starting from March 26, 2019, when individual users use the "credit card repayment" function of Alipay client, Alipay will charge 0.1% service fee for the part exceeding the free quota of 2,000 yuan.

　　Perfecting the Patent Agency System, Optimizing the Business Environment and Implementing the New Patent Agency Regulations

　　The revised Patent Agency Regulations will come into force on March 1, 2019. According to the spirit of "minimizing the government’s direct domination of market resources, minimizing the government’s direct intervention in market activities, and freeing micro-subjects", this revision canceled two administrative approvals, optimized two administrative approvals, and relaxed the access conditions for patent agents and agencies.

　　— — Cancel the provincial preliminary examination of the establishment and approval of the agency; Relax the organizational form requirements of the agency; Simplify the examination registration conditions, cancel the requirements of applying for agency qualification, such as having work experience; Cancel unnecessary proof materials.

　　— — The management department shall take random checks to inspect and supervise the practice activities of agencies and agents, and announce the inspection and handling results to the public; Support innovation and encourage agencies and agents to provide agency assistance services for small and micro enterprises and vulnerable groups; Improve the practice norms and require agencies to establish and improve the conflict of interest review system; Improve the legal responsibility of illegal acts of agencies and agents.

　　— — The administrative department shall strengthen the release of public information on patent agency, and provide inquiry service for the public to understand the operation of the agency and the practice of the agent; The filing and approval of agents and agencies are all realized through one network.

　　Reduce the burden on 20 million patientsThe first batch of 21 drugs with rare diseases will be subject to VAT at a reduced rate of 3%.

　　On February 11th, the executive meeting of the State Council deployed measures to strengthen early diagnosis and treatment of cancer and ensure drug use, and decided to give value-added tax concessions to 21 drugs with rare diseases. The meeting pointed out that it is necessary to ensure that more than 20 million patients with rare diseases use drugs. From March 1st, for the first batch of 21 medicines with rare diseases and 4 APIs, VAT will be levied at a reduced rate of 3% for the import link with reference to anticancer drugs, and at home, VAT can be levied at a simple rate of 3%.

　　Measures for the administration of state-level cultural and ecological protection zones were promulgated.

　　Recently, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism issued the Measures for the Administration of National Cultural and Ecological Protected Areas, which will be officially implemented on March 1, 2019.

　　At present, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism has approved the establishment of 21 national-level cultural and ecological protection experimental zones, and 146 provincial-level cultural and ecological protection zones with distinctive characteristics have also been established in various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities).

　　The "Measures" stipulate that to declare a national-level cultural and ecological protection zone, it is necessary to have a good foundation for regional overall protection of cultural ecology, and it should be implemented in this province (autonomous region, city) for more than two years, with obvious results; After the establishment of the national cultural and ecological protection zone, the overall plan will no longer be approved and implemented by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, but will be reviewed by the provincial cultural authorities, submitted to the provincial people’s government for deliberation and approval, promulgated and implemented, and reported to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism for the record; Three years after the implementation of the master plan, the provincial cultural authorities may apply to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism for organization and acceptance. Those who pass the acceptance will be officially announced as national cultural and ecological protection zones and awarded.　　

　　The Ministry of Civil Affairs has formulated the Measures for the Implementation of the "Tomorrow Plan for Orphans’ Medical Rehabilitation"　　

　　It is reported that in order to provide disabled orphans with better medical rehabilitation and other services, the Ministry of Civil Affairs has recently formulated the "Implementation Measures for the" Orphan Medical Rehabilitation Tomorrow Plan "project, which will be implemented on March 1, 2019. The "Measures" have expanded the scope of benefiting orphans and the scope of financial support.　　

　　Ministry of Transport: The minimum protective perimeter of the bus driving area is 1.6m.

　　Recently, the Ministry of Transport issued the industry standard "Technical Requirements for Special Safety Facilities for Urban Public Steam Trams", which specifically stipulated the technical requirements for protective isolation facilities in the driving area of urban public steam trams. The standard will be officially implemented on March 1, 2019.

　　This standard improves the technical level of physical defense by standardizing the technical requirements of protective isolation facilities in driving areas, and protects drivers from direct attacks by illegal passengers, who cannot directly touch the steering wheel. In addition to strengthening physical defense, it is necessary to improve passengers’ safety awareness, strengthen the protection of drivers’ laws and regulations, and improve drivers’ emergency response ability to protect urban bus and tram drivers from intrusion.

　　New local regulations　　

　　Since March 1, female workers in Shandong have added these holiday benefits.

　　The Measures for Labor Protection of Female Workers in Shandong Province shall come into force on March 1, 2019. It is reported that on the basis of the protection of pregnancy, childbirth and lactation stipulated by the state, the "Measures" creatively increased the protection measures for menstruation, pregnancy and perimenopausal period.

　　From March 1st, Sichuan urban workers’ medical insurance funds can be shared with their families.

　　The Sichuan Provincial Medical Insurance Bureau, the Sichuan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security, the Sichuan Provincial Department of Finance and the Sichuan Provincial Health and Wellness Committee jointly issued the Notice on Improving the Relevant Policies for the Use of Personal Accounts of Basic Medical Insurance for Urban Employees, and decided that the payment scope of personal accounts of basic medical insurance for urban employees will be expanded from March 1, which can be used to pay for a series of medical expenses for employees themselves, their spouses, parents and children of both husband and wife.

　　It is understood that the adjustment includes two aspects. On the one hand, on the basis of the original payment scope, the personal account funds can be expanded to pay the following expenses for the employees themselves, their spouses, parents and children of both husband and wife:

　　First, the medical service expenses that need to be borne by individuals, such as general outpatient service (including registration), outpatient special diseases (including designated pharmacies), hospitalization, health check-up, unplanned immunization, remote diagnosis and treatment, and family doctor contract service.

　　The second is to buy drugs, medical devices, medical consumables, auxiliary devices and other expenses related to disease treatment and medical rehabilitation in designated retail pharmacies in the province.

　　Third, in the overall planning area, pay the social insurance expenses related to medical security, such as basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents, basic medical insurance for employees with flexible employment, supplementary medical insurance, serious and serious illness insurance, long-term care insurance and so on.

　　Zhejiang issued the special sign of "running at most once", which was officially implemented on March 1.

　　From March 1st, Zhejiang will use the unified "run at most once" special signs in the whole province, ranging from background walls and information desks to employee badges and envelopes. The work specifications provide the basic graphics of the use places of the "run at most once" special signs, totaling 16 situations. The implementation of work norms will be conducive to the unified standardization of signs and their use, facilitate the people and enterprises to do things across regions, and further enhance the sense of reform of the people and enterprises.

CCTV News:Six departments, including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce, released the list of national green data centers in 2022 at the 2023 data center green development conference held in Chengdu on May 11th.

The 43 national green data centers released this time involve the fields of communication, Internet, public institutions, energy and finance. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will promote the green and low-carbon transformation and high-quality development of the whole industry of data centers in a scientific and orderly manner, and continue to build a national green data center demonstration benchmark, speed up the popularization and application of energy-saving technology and equipment, and improve the standard system of energy-saving and carbon reduction in green data centers.

Cao Xueqin, Deputy Secretary General of China Institute of Electronics:The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, together with the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce, has successively selected and released four batches of 196 national green data centers, which have achieved positive results in energy saving, water saving and green transformation of energy utilization.

It is understood that the green data center evaluates the green development level of the data center from 15 indicators in four aspects: efficient use of energy, green and low-carbon development, scientific layout and intensive construction, and efficient use of computing resources. According to the 14th Five-Year Plan for Information and Communication Industry, by 2025, the computing power of national data centers will reach 3.3 times that of 2020. Accelerating the construction of a green data center has become a basic requirement for ensuring the sustainability of resources and environment.

　　Sichuan cuisine will not only not decline, but also develop strongly, and it has nothing to do with hot pot.

　　Not long ago, I was invited to a dinner party. There were many respected predecessors in the field of Sichuan cuisine. One old Li impressed me. As a chef of Sichuan cuisine, he went to Europe to participate in an international cooking competition and won the highest prize.

　　At the dinner table, when the younger generation asked about the inheritance of Sichuan cuisine culture, although Li Lao was over 70 years old, his thinking was particularly "advanced". He said:

　　Suitable for the present, it is good!

　　Today, in this article, I will talk about my understanding of hot pot culture and Sichuan cuisine culture.

What exactly is "hot pot culture"?

　　First, from the perspective of consumers.

　　The origin of hot pot is that dock workers collect animal offal that was once off the table when they were short of clothes and food, and cook it with a pot of spicy taste to get rid of the odor, which is convenient for eating and solve the most basic problem of food and clothing.

　　From this origin, we can see that the "primitive culture" of hot pot is actually a cooking method of ingredients used by low-income workers to solve the problem of food and clothing. In short, hot pot was born to satisfy the appetite. If there are other cultures, they are all derived cultures.

　　Even now, society is no longer short of food and clothing, and people are no longer eating hot pot to solve the basic demand of food and clothing, but it still has not got rid of the primitive culture of "appetite":

　　The vast majority of people eat hot pot, eating all kinds of ingredients that are scalded and scalded into their mouths, as well as the spicy taste that strongly stimulates the taste buds.

　　Based on this primitive culture, the ranking of hot pot quality is derived, first of all, the taste is good, and then the ingredients are good. Whether the ingredients are good or not has two meanings: the first is the freshness of the ingredients themselves, and the second is the presentation of the ingredients to the taste. For mass consumers, what most people care about is actually the second meaning.

　　Many ordinary consumers who like hot pot judge the ingredients of hot pot by who can fully reflect the taste of that pot: the ingredients that can fully display the taste of the bottom of the pot are good ingredients; On the contrary, no matter how high-grade or fresh it is, it is useless.

　　In recent years, many hot pot restaurants in Sichuan and Chongqing have used top-grade beef, foie gras, three-headed abalone and wild turtle to blanch, but these high-grade ingredients can’t replace the status of hairy belly, duck intestines and yellow throat, and they are only limited to some niche hot pot restaurants.

　　To sum up, from the consumer’s point of view, the hot pot they accept and agree with is that the bottom of the pot dominates the world: the bottom of the pot is the protagonist forever, and all other ingredients are supporting roles.

　　In view of this, from the perspective of ordinary consumers, talking about hot pot culture should not just talk about "all ingredients have one taste".

　　Second, from the perspective of hot pot operators.

　　For almost all hot pot operators, there is only one criterion for judging the hot pot culture they care about, and that is whether the restaurant can make a profit.

　　From Chongqing Wharf to the streets of China, hot pot has undergone earth-shaking changes in terms of brand, ingredients, space and service, and new changes will occur every once in a while. However, the bottom of Sichuan-Chongqing hot pot has hardly changed, even if there is a slight change, it is based on fine-tuning of butter, bean paste, Zanthoxylum bungeanum (such as adding spices).

　　If someone insists that the bottom of the pot has changed, then the biggest change should be due to food safety considerations, and the hot pot has changed from a recyclable bottom (old oil) to a disposable bottom. However, this change not only did not affect the development of hot pot, but also made it become the first category in the national market from the regional category of Sichuan and Chongqing markets, and made many brands as well as many hot pot operators.

　　Therefore, from the perspective of change and invariability, the core that supports and achieves generations of hot pot operators is the "invariable pot bottom". Other factors, represented by ingredients, are only constantly iterating and changing according to market needs in different periods.

　　After understanding the difference between the two, we can easily draw the following conclusions:

　　For hot pot operators, the bottom of the pot is the core element to support their long-term profit, while ingredients, space and services are the synergistic elements that play different roles at different stages. In view of this, the hot pot culture they care about is the same as consumers, and it is "a bite of the bottom of the pot to conquer the world". Therefore, from the operator’s point of view, there is no need to say that the bottom of the pot tastes single.

　　Before talking about "hot pot culture", we must first divide people and determine their identities. Different people and identities will produce different cultural definitions and value recognition. If anyone says that hot pot culture should be based on their own standards, everything else is wrong, then this person is mostly a liar.

　　So much for hot pot culture today.

Some professionals say that hot pot is "killing" Sichuan cuisine. Originally, this is the focus of today’s article. Why should we spend so much space to introduce the hot pot culture? Because I don’t agree with this view, we should make the "premise" clear before refuting it, and "hot pot culture" is this premise.

Sichuan cuisine, will it die from hot pot?

　　In September, someone wrote an article entitled "Sichuan cuisine, died of hot pot", arguing that with the prosperity of hot pot in the whole country, Sichuan cuisine gradually weakened in consumers’ cognition.

　　In fact, since last year, some catering forums have also been discussing this topic. I don’t agree that "the decline and malaise of Sichuan cuisine" is forcibly tied to the prosperity of hot pot.

　　In my opinion, Sichuan cuisine will not only not decline, but also develop strongly, and it has nothing to do with hot pot. Next, I support my argument from three aspects.

　　First, the ingredients of Sichuan cuisine.

　　Experts from all walks of life like to start with the ingredients, and let’s look at the problems of Sichuan cuisine from the ingredients first.

　　The article "Sichuan Cuisine Died in Hot Pot" said that the great richness of domestic ingredients began 20 years ago, and suddenly there were so many ingredients, the cooking of Sichuan cuisine became a big problem, and a conclusion was drawn-"For more than 20 years, the food culture of Sichuan cuisine has almost been exported."

　　First of all, I don’t see the causal relationship between the rich ingredients and the cooking problems of Sichuan cuisine; Secondly, even if there is a relationship, it is not a positive correlation as the article said, that is to say, even if Sichuan cuisine is declining, it is not because of the richer ingredients. If Sichuan cuisine is rich in ingredients, there is a lack of innovation for emerging ingredients as a whole, and there is no progress in sticking to the rules, there may be some truth.

　　I don’t want to talk about the ingredients of Sichuan cuisine, because the reason has been mentioned in the first part. Many people criticize Sichuan cuisine as much as they criticize hot pot. In particular, some people who like Cantonese cuisine are full of contempt for Sichuan cuisine.

　　Whenever someone complains about Sichuan food, saying that it is only spicy and the ingredients are terrible, a large number of Sichuan food lovers will get angry and rush to theory, but I am the opposite, not angry at all.

　　Why? As mentioned earlier, everyone’s judgment standards are different. Whether experts refute that Sichuan cuisine culture is declining or consumers complain that Sichuan cuisine is only spicy, it has not stopped the popularity of Sichuan cuisine in the national market. There are people who spit, but more people like it.

　　Second, the seasoning of Sichuan cuisine.

　　Sichuan cuisine and Hunan cuisine are expanding wildly all over the country. Why? It is largely due to the irreversible spicy taste.

　　The beauty of Sichuan cuisine lies in its taste.

　　Seeing this, some people may say that the current Sichuan cuisine has no other flavor, only spicy. Let me assume that this statement holds, assuming that Sichuan cuisine is only spicy now, which is also great. Why?

　　There are various subdivisions in the pursuit of spicy taste, which reflect the differences between spicy, spicy, sour and spicy, dry and spicy, dry and spicy, bad and spicy, and burnt spicy; In the extraction of spicy taste, in addition to dozens of fresh peppers, there are also pickled peppers of various years; In the division of spicy degree, there are not spicy, slightly spicy, medium spicy, extra spicy, abnormal spicy and other subdivisions; In the shape of pepper, there are differences such as whole use, strip, filiform, segmented, granular and velvet.

　　Many people have a shallow understanding of spicy. When it comes to spicy, they only know Chili, ignoring that garlic is spicy, ginger is spicy and onion is spicy. And this is the seasoning skill of Sichuan cuisine master in compound flavor.

　　Sichuan cuisine is diversified and diversified in its spicy presentation, and not a single word "spicy" can be simply summarized. What’s more, Sichuan food is not only spicy, it has 24 flavors, more than half of which have nothing to do with spicy.

　　There are so many flavors of Sichuan food, if consumers only remember spicy food, I think it is also a great good thing. The reason is like opening a restaurant. I have 24 dishes that I think are very classic, but consumers love only one of them, so I have opened restaurants all over the country. Is there anything more gratifying than this?

　　Third, the chef of Sichuan cuisine.

　　In fact, the reason why I hold the view and belief that Sichuan cuisine will not decline and will not be killed by hot pot is because of Sichuan cuisine.

　　Whether it is the application of ingredients or the seasoning of various flavors, it is inseparable from the group of chefs. Although there are many problems in this group at present, their existence and continuation are still the foundation of the development of Sichuan cuisine.

　　There are generally two obvious reasons for the decline of a cuisine. One is that the dishes are not accepted by the market, or they have been accepted but gradually abandoned by the market. From this point of view, Sichuan cuisine has no such possibility at all.

　　Secondly, the number of technicians who cook dishes has decreased, and the number of employees has dropped sharply, leading to the decline of cuisines. From this point of view, it seems that Sichuan cuisine has this risk, but is it really so? Not really.

　　From the scale of employees alone, the team and number of chefs in Sichuan cuisine still stand out from other cuisines. With their existence as back-end technology and the acceptance of Sichuan cuisine in the front-end consumer market, Sichuan cuisine can’t decline, let alone be killed by hot pot.

　　So, why do so many people say that Sichuan cuisine is in decline? Or, why don’t some Sichuan chefs cook Sichuan food well and go to other restaurants to work? This involves the third question today: the current dilemma of Sichuan cuisine.

The current dilemma of Sichuan cuisine: the brand is seriously lagging behind.

　　I once expressed my opinion by short video: at present, the number of stores in Sichuan cuisine must far exceed the number of stores in Hunan cuisine.

　　Many Sichuan restaurants are scattered couples’ shops, which are neither in the industrial and commercial registration system nor on the Internet platform. They are in a statistical blind area and are easily overlooked. Previously, the data circulating on the Internet that "Hunan cuisine stores exceed Sichuan cuisine" should be "the number of brand stores that can be counted". From this perspective, Hunan cuisine stores may indeed have surpassed the number of Sichuan cuisine stores, which leads to our third problem today, that is, the current development dilemma of Sichuan cuisine:

　　In the development of branding, Sichuan cuisine is seriously lagging behind, and Hunan cuisine is far behind.

　　Nationally, the famous Hunan cuisine brands include Chef Fei, Farming Record, Cooking Smoke, Wangxiangyuan, Pengchu, Lanxiangzi, Xiangchilli and so on, all of which are representative brands that have risen in the last 12 years, and most of them have established market barriers and continue to expand strongly.

　　Looking back at Sichuan cuisine, in the 12 years since the outbreak of the mobile Internet, has there been a national brand that has done very well? Chengdu’s Todd casserole is very good, and it is also a representative of Sichuan cuisine, but its stores are only in Sichuan at present, which is only a regional brand, not a national brand. What else? I don’t think so!

　　Although Sichuan cuisine does have well-known representative brands in high-end brands, and the number of stores in low-end markets also crushes other cuisines, as far as the national catering brands in the middle layer are concerned, there are almost no representatives who can get it. It is no wonder that so many people derogate from Sichuan cuisine.

　　It has a spicy and aggressive taste that is popular in the market, and it also has a large number of technical practitioners. Why haven’t there been several well-known national chain brands of Sichuan cuisine? This has become a problem that puzzles many business experts and investors, and it has also become a problem that many Sichuan catering people are not convinced but dare not say.

　　In fact, to understand this problem, we must put aside the consumer’s perspective, put aside the expert’s perspective and simply return to the operator’s perspective. Although it may not be completely right, it can explain many phenomena clearly.

　　For catering operators, profit is the core pursuit. Whether it is short-term or long-term, once there is a better and faster way to make profits, brand creation will inevitably rank lower.

　　In short, let’s look at "seven who want to".

　　First, when you can make money just by taste, who wants to really care about the quality of ingredients?

　　Those pure take-out shops that operate Sichuan style, even if they sell all junk ingredients and even all cooking bags, still make thousands of orders every month, and even open dozens or hundreds of branches. For them, there is no shortage of orders only by taste, and ingredients of course become a secondary choice.

　　Second, when young consumers all over the country can be conquered only by spicy flavor, who wants to study other flavors with heart?

　　A spicy grilled fish can sell hundreds of millions of turnover; A spicy maocai’s technical teaching can easily earn tens of millions. When a single taste can kill the market, the richness of taste becomes a secondary choice.

　　Third, when you can earn the franchise fee quickly, who wants to earn only the hard money of selling vegetables?

　　Chengdu East Street Gourmet Street is jokingly called "Merchants Join a Street" by many catering people. Many practitioners who want to make quick money want to open a shop here. It is not important whether a single store can make money or not. What is important is that the store must be popular and queued in order to join the company. When it is better to make money by joining, selling vegetables to make money has become a secondary choice.

　　Fourth, who wants to be a long-term brand when you can get enough opportunities by relying on short-term brands?

　　To open a restaurant, the traditional management idea is to do long-term business, but the market changes too fast, consumers like the new and hate the old, and the decline of many old shops also gives the market the illusion that brands cannot make long-term profits. Therefore, when short-term brands can also make profits, long-term brands become secondary choices.

　　Fifth, who wants to run only one brand when they can keep making money from brand joining?

　　Chengdu is a fertile ground for catering, with more than 3 million people visiting Chengdu every year. As long as the store business is booming, there will never be a shortage of intentional franchisees who take the initiative to find the door. Leeks are like grass and never fail! When you can make money by multi-brand attack, a single brand becomes a secondary choice.

　　Sixth, when you can open hundreds of stores without a mature management team, who wants to do the coolie work of forming a team?

　　In order to run a brand well for a long time, a professional team is standard, and forming a team is an extremely hard and troublesome thing, and there is also the risk of brain drain. Therefore, when you can open hundreds of stores without a team, it is a secondary choice to form a team to become bigger and stronger.

　　Seventh, if it is easier to make money by making a category that does not depend on chefs, who wants to rely heavily on chefs’ Chinese food?

　　Hot pot, skewers, barbecues, grilled fish and other categories with single items are king, and there is no shortage of latecomers every year, just because they are highly standardized, and it is easier to do more stores in a short period of time.

　　Therefore, when the market can still rely on highly standardized categories to make money, Sichuan cuisine that relies heavily on the kitchen team becomes a secondary choice.

　　Knot

　　The current Sichuan cuisine, to make an inappropriate metaphor, is like a rich second generation who doesn’t worry about eating and drinking. Chengdu, the "Laozi", has fertile land and fruit trees everywhere. If you are hungry, you can stand up directly and eat a lot of fruit with your mouth. Of course, you don’t want to tinker around to find food. When will it change?

　　There are two situations that may bring about changes. One is passive change, that is, Chengdu’s catering market has undergone major changes, and it will no longer be the "Jerusalem" of the catering industry, and it will no longer become a "pilgrimage place" for national catering people, completely losing the opportunity to easily earn franchise fees. However, this situation should not be seen in the short term. As far as catering is concerned, Chengdu’s status as a gourmet capital cannot be shaken by other cities in China.

　　The second is to take the initiative to change. For example, there are more excellent catering people in Sichuan. They are both dreamers and careerists. They don’t want to be the "rich second generation" in Chengdu market. They want to do something different from others and get different achievements from others.

　　No matter whether or not these changes appear, or when they appear, Sichuan cuisine will not decline and will not be killed by hot pot.

　　Even if Sichuan people don’t work hard, Sichuan cuisine will still be popular in the market in the foreseeable future, and it will still be the cuisine with the most technical employees.

　　Of course, Sichuan cuisine may indeed stop because of complacency and "superior family", which has happened now and will continue to exist in the short term. From this perspective, it is also a regret, and it is a regret that belongs exclusively to Sichuan catering people.

Author: Red Meal Network columnist Jiang Yi

Note: This article belongs to the catering industry information published by Yangguang. com. The content of this article does not represent the views of this website, and is for reference only.

The business review of the 2022 annual board of directors of Kede CNC is as follows:

　　I. Discussion and analysis of business conditions

In 2022, the company around the annual business objectives, relying on the advantages of the whole industrial chain and product technology, continued to strive to open up the market, increase production capacity, break through the influence of various unfavorable factors, and maintained a good momentum of steady growth. The income from main business, net profit after deducting non-recurring gains and losses, new orders and output all increased rapidly. The net profit attributable to owners of the parent company decreased slightly year-on-year due to the higher government subsidies included in non-recurring income in the same period of last year.

(a) the main business situation

In 2022, the company’s operating income was 315 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 24.39%; The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies was 60,453,800 yuan, a decrease of 17.04% compared with the same period of last year. The main reason for the decrease in net profit was the high amount of government subsidies included in the current non-recurring gains in 2021, which had a great impact on the current net profit growth (specifically, the impact of non-recurring gains and losses on net profit in 2022 was about 22,264,600 yuan, and the impact of non-recurring gains and losses on net profit in 2021 was about 22,264,600 yuan). The net profit after deducting non-recurring gains and losses was 38,189,100 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 45.12%; Gross profit margin of main business is 42.40%; The output of the whole machine was 230 units, up 45.57% year-on-year; During the reporting period, new orders increased by 30% year-on-year.

(2) New breakthroughs have been made in market expansion.

The company insists on import substitution as the core, and on the basis of deepening cooperation with original customers and deepening and strengthening the aerospace field, it strives to open up new fields, new customers and other industrial fields. In 2022, the company made new progress in overseas orders, new energy vehicles, energy, knives, machinery and equipment.

1. Breakthrough growth was achieved in overseas market sales.

In 2022, the company expanded overseas sales channels, opened European and Asian markets, and exported five-axis CNC machine tools, and the export orders increased rapidly. In 2022, the company’s export order products include five-axis vertical machining center, five-axis horizontal machining center, five-axis horizontal milling and turning compound machining center and many other products.

2. Vigorously promote the expansion of new customers.

In 2022, the company actively explored new customers in various fields, and made new progress in energy, tools, automobiles and other fields in addition to adding many new customers in typical military and military supporting fields.

The automobile field is an important downstream industry of machine tools, which is closely related to the machine tool industry. With the rising situation of new energy vehicles, the machine tool industry will usher in new opportunities. Through the comprehensive distribution and direct sales, the company has effectively expanded many customers in the automotive field. Business expansion has been achieved in the processing fields of new energy vehicles such as battery motor housings, bogies, front and rear axles and transmission housings.

The upgrading and transformation of the energy field provides further application potential for five-axis machine tools, such as the processing of core components such as compressors, pumps and gears in wind power and water conservancy industries, and the processing of shaft components related to high-pressure injection in oil production wells. The company has expanded high-quality customers in the energy field in many regions of China and reached a long-term cooperative partnership.

Tool industry is the basic industry in machinery manufacturing industry and major technical fields. Because the materials of CNC tools are generally cemented carbide, high-performance high-speed steel and superhard materials, grinding has become the mainstream processing technology of CNC tools. The company’s five-axis tool grinding center with high grinding rigidity and high stability can be used to process all kinds of cutters with high precision and complex shapes, such as milling cutters, drills, reamers and taps. In 2022, the company expanded many new partners in this field on the basis of strengthening cooperation with important partners in the original key tool field.

With the overall rapid development of domestic high-end manufacturing industry, the demand for five-axis CNC machine tools is increasing day by day, and there is a shortage of related professionals. By introducing high-end five-axis CNC machine tools and establishing training bases, domestic colleges and universities learn core technologies and cultivate professionals by combining systematic courses with practical experience. As a five-axis machine tool manufacturer with the whole industrial chain, the company has many years of cooperation experience with universities. During the reporting period, the company provided many universities with a variety of equipment, such as a five-axis vertical machining center and a horizontal milling and turning compound machining center, which helped to cultivate high-tech talents in the field of numerical control, helped universities to have a deeper understanding of five-axis numerical control programming and system operation, as well as core technologies such as machine tool structure design, motorized spindle and direct-drive turntable. At the same time, the operation training of five-axis CNC machine tools of Kede CNC brand was advanced to universities, which was the brand.

3. Continue to deepen the cooperation with existing customers.

During the reporting period, the company continued to deepen its cooperation with its original customers, and constantly improved its personalized service level and solution ability, which was recognized by more customers. In 2022, the repurchase rate of high-end CNC machine tools added by the company was about 40%.

4. New products continue to be favored by the market.

During the reporting period, the company launched four new products: KTM120 five-axis horizontal boring and milling machine compound machining center, Dechuang series KCX1200TM five-axis horizontal milling machine compound machining center, Dechuang series DMC50 five-axis vertical machining center and KBTG1000 high-speed blade tip grinding machining center.

KTM120 Five-axis Linkage Horizontal Boring and Milling Machine Compound Machining Center marked the Austrian WFL products, and the sales unit price was high. As soon as it was launched, it reached a cooperation with an aircraft landing gear manufacturer to achieve sales. Aircraft landing gear is one of the most difficult parts in the aviation field, and the same type of processing equipment in China depends on imports. This product will have a broader market space in the field of large aircraft in the future. Dechuang series KCX1200TM five-axis horizontal milling compound machining center can meet the processing needs of parts in medical, new energy vehicles, molds, wind power, aerospace and other industries. The first product is to sign a sales contract with a company in the field of nuclear equipment, which is used for processing parts such as opening and closing nuts of nuclear equipment. Dechuang series DMC50 five-axis vertical machining center is suitable for high-efficiency and high-precision machining of parts in aerospace, cutting tools, precision molds, medical devices, new energy vehicles and other industries. KBTG1000 high-speed blade tip grinding center, this product is mainly used for grinding the rotor blade tips of aero-engines and marine engines, focusing on the requirements of efficient and high-precision automatic machining of integral impellers and bladed disks (axial flow) of aero-engines.

As of the publication date of this report, all the above new products have formed batch orders in aviation, aerospace, nuclear power of warships, automobiles and overseas markets.

(3) R&D projects and technological achievements

During the reporting period, the company continued to invest in research and development, with a total investment of 114,378,100 yuan, accounting for 36.26% of the operating income. The company has hosted or participated in 7 national-level projects, and received 41.32 million yuan from the central government, 1 provincial-level project, and 600,000 yuan from the central government to guide local scientific and technological development. The new project involves the development of high-speed bridge five-axis gantry machining center, five-axis horizontal milling compound machining center and other equipment, as well as the performance improvement and engineering application verification of key functional components such as turntable, swing head and motorized spindle.

The advantages of the company are comprehensive product layout, high degree of self-control and continuous innovation. During the reporting period, the company completed the development of four new products and put them on the market, including KTM120 five-axis horizontal boring and milling machine compound machining center, Dechuang series KCX1200TM five-axis horizontal milling machine compound machining center, Dechuang series DMC50 five-axis vertical machining center, KBTG1000 high-speed blade tip grinding machining center, in which the high-speed blade tip grinding machining center is a new special machine based on the original four general models and two special models.

During the reporting period, the company added 55 authorized patents, including 7 international invention patents and 6 domestic invention patents. By December 31st, 2022, the company and its holding subsidiaries had 251 authorized patents, including 93 domestic invention patents, 13 international invention patents, 139 utility model patents and 6 design patents. There are 60 software copyrights and 3 works copyrights. The company has participated in the formulation of 24 national standards and 10 industry and group standards.

(IV) Production capacity construction progressed smoothly.

During the reporting period, with the company’s self-made five-axis machining center and the introduction of horizontal plus flexible manufacturing line, gantry production line, horizontal machining center and gantry machining center, the machining ability of functional parts was further improved. The whole machine production capacity of the company has steadily increased. In 2022, the whole machine production reached 230 sets (including multi-model and multi-specification products such as five-axis vertical machining center, horizontal machining center, gantry machining center, horizontal milling and turning compound machining center and five-axis tool grinding center), with a year-on-year increase of 45.57%.

(V) Financing situation

During the reporting period, the company initiated and completed the issuance of RMB ordinary shares (A shares) to specific targets in 2022, with 2,457,757 non-public shares, which were issued to National Manufacturing Transformation and Upgrading Fund Co., Ltd. and Guotai Junan Securities Co., Ltd., raising a total of RMB 159,999,980.70, and the newly added shares were registered and settled in China Securities on July 29, 2022.

This issuance has injected capital into the company to realize the rapid development and expanded application of domestic high-end equipment, and further accelerate the construction of production capacity, which will help to provide more "Made in China" high-end equipment for aviation, aerospace, military industry, energy, automobiles, knives and many other fields.

II. Description of the main business, business model, industry situation and research and development of the company during the reporting period:

(a) the main business, main products or services.

1. Main business

The company has always been committed to the technical breakthrough, design innovation, fine manufacturing and standard formulation of five-axis CNC machine tools, high-grade CNC systems and key functional components, and has formed the core technology with independent intellectual property rights, which has the ability to achieve the company’s important established strategic goal of "import substitution". The company’s main business is five-axis CNC machine tools, high-grade CNC systems, key functional components and flexible automation production lines. The company’s main products include serialized five-axis vertical (including turning milling), five-axis horizontal (including turning milling), five-axis horizontal milling compound, five-axis gantry four general machining centers, five-axis tool grinding, five-axis blade grinding center and high-speed blade grinding center, as well as high-end CNC systems serving high-end CNC machine tools, servo drives, serialized motors, serialized sensing products, motorized spindles, milling heads, turntables and other key functional components.

On the basis of comprehensive product layout, in addition to the high-end KD series built for the military field, the company has developed a cost-effective Dechuang series for the processing requirements of the civil field to meet the needs of diversified customers. At the same time, the company provides flexible automatic production line business, that is, taking high-end CNC machine tools as the core, integrating fixture and tool scheme, matching with automatic logistics system, warehousing system, etc., relying on computer control and combining various production modes, flexible and automatic production of various products can be realized. It has the characteristics of high equipment utilization rate, strong product adaptability, high product quality and high production efficiency.

For a long time, China’s high-end five-axis CNC machine tools have relied heavily on imports. The main reason is that its development needs first-class precision machine tool design and manufacturing technology, and it can only be realized by close cooperation with cutting-edge CNC technology. It is extremely difficult to develop core technologies and form industrialization capabilities. Different from traditional CNC machine tools, the company’s five-axis CNC machine tools have the advantage of supporting the machining ability of complex spatial features, making it easier to realize multi-process compound machining and having higher machining efficiency and accuracy. Through years of technical research and accumulation, the company has formed core technical capabilities such as high-grade CNC system technology, universal and special five-axis CNC machine tool technology, direct-drive functional parts technology, high-performance servo drive system technology, high-performance sensing and detection technology, high-performance high/low-speed torque motor technology and high-performance motorized spindle motor technology.

The company’s five-axis CNC machine tool products mainly serve the processing and manufacturing of complex and precise parts in the fields of aviation, aerospace, military industry and so on, and are the necessary way to process turbine machinery parts such as impellers, bladed disks and blades. In addition, there are many successful cases in civil industries such as core parts of power generation equipment, cemented carbide tools, petroleum industry, precision molds, and automobile parts manufacturing. The CNC system and key functional components such as torque motor, spindle motor, servo motor, motorized spindle, laser interferometer, laser tool setting instrument, encoder, turntable, milling machine, etc. developed by the company belong to the core key components of high-end CNC machine tools, which directly determine the function, performance, reliability and profitability of high-end CNC machine tools. In recent years, high-grade CNC systems and key functional components have been sold separately.

Pre-sales technical service and after-sales maintenance service are also important competitive advantages of the company. Through pre-sales technical support, the company customizes a complete set of processing technology schemes, trial processing and turnkey projects for users to promote sales orders and establish stable, close and long-term cooperative relations with customers. The company’s after-sales service support benefits from the company’s high autonomy rate and localization advantage, which has faster response speed and lower service cost than the transnational after-sales service of international CNC machine tool enterprises. Pre-sales and after-sales personnel have mastered the most advanced market information, grasped the development trend of the industry, collected new directions, new processes and product improvement opinions and fed them back to the R&D system in time, forming a closed-loop control of the company’s product quality and realizing a benign iterative upgrade of the products. It is predicted that the supporting businesses such as pre-sales and after-sales services will also enter a period of rapid growth in the future, which can contribute more benefits to the company.

2. Main products and services

The company’s main products are high-end CNC system products with independent intellectual property rights and core technologies, high-end CNC machine tools and key functional components, which can realize the research and development and manufacturing of various types of products in high-end equipment manufacturing in aviation, aerospace, weapons and civil fields, with independent and controllable core technologies and strong "import substitution" ability.

(1) High-grade CNC system products

High-end CNC system is the control core of high-end CNC machine tools. Among them, GNC series high-end CNC system has achieved several iterations of GNC60/61/62, and GDU series servo driver has achieved several iterations of GDU/GDUA/GDUB/GDUC, reaching the same level of advanced foreign products. At the same time, the products are open and adaptable, which is an important core component of the company’s high-end CNC machine tools. The high-end CNC system independently developed by the company, because of its excellent design framework and rich functions, provides strong support for the application of various types of high-end CNC machine tools and the development of new products. The ability to independently develop high-end CNC systems is also an important strategic layout direction of many foreign high-end CNC machine tool development enterprises.

(2) High-end CNC machine tools

The company’s high-end CNC machine tools include four general machining centers (five-axis vertical, five-axis horizontal, five-axis horizontal milling and turning compound, five-axis gantry machining center) and three special machining centers (five-axis tool grinding center, five-axis blade machine and high-speed blade tip grinding center), totaling seven series of machining center products. In terms of product layout, there are both high-end KD series for the military field and cost-effective Dechuang series for the civilian field. The product line covers most high-end CNC machine tools with processing types and sizes in the field of high-end CNC machine tools, and the performance of the products is basically the same as that of advanced foreign products, so it can meet the processing needs of multi-type and multi-size components in most high-end manufacturing industries such as aviation, aerospace, weapons, energy and automobiles.

(3) Key functional components

The company’s key functional parts products include serialized motors, serialized sensing products, motorized spindles, milling heads, turntables, etc. The key functional parts products have been fully applied to various types of high-end CNC machine tools products of the company. Thanks to a large amount of technical accumulation of independent research and development of key functional components, the adaptability and response speed of collaborative research and development between high-end CNC machine tool products and key functional components are obvious, which provides strong support for the company’s products to quickly respond to market demand, and can also serve aviation, aerospace, military industry, mechanical equipment, robots, automation and other fields as independent products.

(4) Flexible automatic production line

In order to meet users’ demand for high-quality development of manufacturing such as improving production efficiency, automation and flexibility, the company provides users with a complete solution of flexible automatic production line, which covers a complete turnkey production line including high-end machine tools, fixtures, cutters, process plans, logistics systems, storage systems and production control systems. The solution has a high localization rate and can be applied to aerospace, automobiles, mechanical processing and many other fields to realize the flexibility of parts from blank to finished products.

Schematic diagram of flexible automatic production line To sum up, the company’s main products have independent intellectual property rights and core technologies, and can realize the research and development and manufacturing of various types of products in high-end equipment manufacturing such as aviation and aerospace, from high-end CNC systems and key functional components to high-end CNC machine tools, with independent control and strong "import substitution" ability. The company’s main products are rich in specifications and comprehensive in layout, and have distinctive characteristics in the domestic high-end machine tool manufacturing field, forming a large number of successful cases of processing key parts of high-end equipment represented by "the jewel in the industrial crown" aero engines, which have been well received by users.

(II) Main business models

1. Purchasing mode

The company’s procurement mode mainly includes two links: procurement strategy formulation and supplier management. The company implements planned procurement according to the production and R&D plan. The specific mode is as follows:

(1) Multi-price comparison and bargaining: The company selects suppliers within the scope of the Qualified Suppliers List to conduct multi-price comparison and bargaining to ensure the highest cost performance and reasonable procurement cost of purchased materials. By strengthening the continuous tracking and in-depth analysis of the main raw material markets such as metal and nonmetal materials, parts and products, electronic components, etc., the company makes purchasing plans according to the production and R&D plans, and adjusts the purchasing scale during the peak and trough periods, so as to minimize the possible adverse impact of raw material price fluctuations.

(2) Centralized procurement and strategic cooperation: for products with long delivery cycle, the company adopts a centralized procurement strategy, and the procurement of such materials is the responsibility of the company’s materials department; For important suppliers, the company adopts strategic cooperation to ensure the timely supply and stable quality of main raw materials.

The main procurement process of the company’s raw materials is as follows:

2. Production mode

The company’s products are characterized by the customization function on the general platform, so as to meet the individual needs of different customers. Therefore, the company generally adopts the production mode of "fixing production by sales", based on the order contract, carries out product design and development according to the needs of users, formulates the process route, and organizes production in combination with the delivery plan and production capacity. For the standard components, based on market forecast and historical order trend in the same period, moderate pre-production will be carried out.

In terms of production organization, the company generally follows the principle of "fixing production by sales and keeping reasonable inventory of standard components", and according to the sales plan and actual sales situation, formulates the production plan and issues it to the production workshop to organize production. For highly customized products, because different users have different requirements on product configuration, performance, parameters, etc., the company will deliver the customized requirements to the R&D center for design and development. After both parties reach an agreement, they will sign a sales contract for stocking and production.

In terms of production operations: the production department strictly implements the process control requirements determined by the design department and the production technology center, and implements the production plan. The Quality Management Department sets up key control points according to product performance requirements and related processes, and formulates control items and target values, and supervises production operators to strictly implement process requirements and operation instructions.

The company entrusts some non-core processes and non-core parts to external units for processing and production, and the external processing expenses account for a low proportion of the current main cost. External processing price is mainly based on processing difficulty, processing cost and other factors, and is determined through price comparison and negotiation.

3. Sales model

At present, the company mainly focuses on direct sales, supplemented by distribution.

(1) Direct selling mode

First of all, the company combines its own technical characteristics and advantages, fully investigates the market demand, carries out user industry analysis, deepens the understanding of high-end user needs through cooperation with leading user enterprises and scientific research institutes, accurately defines products, cooperates with users to carry out process verification, rapidly iterates and accelerates product maturity, gradually forms application demonstrations, expands and forms excellent cases, expands good influence in target industries, forms influence radiation on leading enterprises and their supporting enterprises, and accelerates the formation of good user reputation in the market; Secondly, in recent years, the company has actively participated in various professional exhibitions at home and abroad, such as China International CNC Machine Tool Exhibition (CIMT), China CNC Machine Tool Exhibition (CCMT), China International Industry Fair (CIIF), Taiwan, China Machine Tool Exhibition (TMBA), Russian International Machine Tool Exhibition (METALLOOBRABOTKA), Chongqing Lijia Exhibition, Qingdao International Machine Tool Exhibition, CIE Industry Expo, Shenzhen Greater Bay Area Expo, etc., and concentrated on releasing new products and technologies and displaying a large number of application cases. At the same time, the company actively publishes papers or new product information in authoritative magazines in related industries to expand the company’s influence in the industry; And expand business through new media to enhance the company’s brand awareness.

At present, the direct selling market is divided into East China, North China, Northwest China, South China, Southwest China, Central China and Northeast China according to their market maturity, and each region has a regional sales director.

The direct selling model is supported by the pre-sales technical ability, and promotes sales by customizing a complete set of processing solutions and turnkey projects for users. Pre-sales technology department makes process plan and sample trial production for users, and the company’s process technology output ability greatly enhances customer stickiness and promotes the completion of documents. In addition to effectively promoting sales, we also have the most advanced market information, truly understand the needs of users, grasp the development trend, new direction and new technology of the industry, and give timely feedback to the company’s R&D system, so as to promote product technology upgrading.

At the same time, the company established a training system to serve users through multi-channel training mode, which solved the phenomenon of "five-axis technology is difficult to get started" and "high-grade machine tools are not used well".

The company’s pre-sales technical service model is the core competitiveness of the company’s sales, which has obvious advantages compared with foreign manufacturers in the domestic market.

(2) Distribution mode

At present, the company’s distribution mode is mainly based on reporting projects and buyout mode. The distributor’s main role is to obtain users’ needs and report the project to the company’s sales department; After obtaining the information, coordinate the pre-sales support personnel to follow up the project and carry out scheme design, trial processing and other links; Authorized dealers to bid, and the company provides technical support; Companies sign contracts with distributors, and distributors sign contracts with end users. The company gives priority to the dealers who have the sales experience of well-known foreign five-axis machine tool brands and are proficient in the user’s industry technology.

The main sales processes of the company’s main products are as follows:

4. R&D mode

The company has a sound research and development system to support the company’s overall product research and development and product life cycle management. At the whole company level, research institutes, design institutes, production technology departments, marketing departments, materials departments, production and quality departments constitute a complete product development process. The marketing department put forward the product development demand, and the research institute and design institute completed the project establishment, product R&D design, process development and opened up the trial production and testing process of products. The production and quality departments are involved in the technical preparation of new product production from the process development stage to ensure that the production technical data of products are smoothly transferred to the production system. The materials department cooperates with product development and is responsible for the procurement of various raw materials and equipment.

The company’s new product development project management is divided into four stages: project establishment, design, trial production and project completion. After the product is mass-produced, the R&D department will also assist the production department to continuously improve the mass-produced products.

The company formulates control procedures for new product design and development, clearly defines the process of new product development and design management, and defines the work processes such as project initiation stage, design stage, trial production stage and project completion stage. Process monitoring is accompanied by the whole process to ensure project management progress and work quality, effectively control research and development costs, ensure that products can meet the project objectives and relevant requirements of customers, and at the same time ensure that products meet the requirements of environmental and occupational health and safety management systems and the provisions of relevant laws and regulations.

(3) the industry situation

1. The development stage, basic characteristics and main technical threshold of the industry.

The company is a high-tech enterprise engaged in the design, research and development, production, sales and service of five-axis CNC machine tools and their key functional components, and high-end CNC systems. It is one of the few innovative enterprises in China that independently master high-end CNC systems and high-end CNC machine tools. According to the National Economic Industry Classification (GB/T4754-2017), the company’s industry is "C342 Metal Processing Machinery Manufacturing"; According to the Guiding Catalogue of Key Products and Services of Strategic Emerging Industries (revised in 2016), the company’s main products conform to "2.1 Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Industry 2.1.4 Intelligent Processing Equipment" in the catalogue.

Five-axis CNC machine tool is a kind of machine tool with high technology content and high precision, which is specially used for machining complex curved surfaces. It has the advantages of wide application range, fine machining quality and high working efficiency, and is considered to be the most important machining tool for machining key components in aerospace, shipbuilding, precision instruments, power generation and other industries. According to the data released by QYResearch, the global five-axis CNC machine tool market sales will reach US$ 6.755 billion in 2020, and will increase year by year thereafter. It is estimated that it will reach US$ 13.835 billion in 2027, with a compound growth rate of about 10.79% from 2020 to 2027. In 2020, the domestic five-axis CNC machine tool market will be 665 million US dollars, accounting for 9.85% of the global market, and it is expected to reach 1.589 billion US dollars by 2027, when its share in the global market will reach 11.49%, with a compound growth rate of 13.25% from 2020 to 2027, which is higher than the global market.

The development of five-axis CNC machine tools needs strong precision machine tool design and manufacturing technology, and it can only be realized by close cooperation with cutting-edge CNC technology, so it is extremely difficult to develop and industrialize products. The development of five-axis CNC machine tools in China started late. At present, there are few domestic enterprises that can independently develop and produce, and the supply of domestic products is difficult to meet the domestic market demand. The domestic market is mainly occupied by multinational companies with hundreds of years of machine tool production experience in developed industrial countries such as Germany, Japan and the United States. However, in recent years, a number of five-axis CNC machine tool enterprises, including companies, have emerged in China, and their products have gradually been recognized by the market, gradually forming an import substitution trend.

2. Analysis of the industry position of the company and its changes.

The company is one of the few innovative enterprises in China with dual R&D systems for high-end CNC systems and high-end CNC machine tools. Through years of continuous R&D and innovation, it has formed the product layout of high-end CNC system products, high-end CNC machine tools and key functional components with independent intellectual property rights and core technologies. It can realize the R&D and manufacturing of various types of products in aviation, aerospace and other high-end equipment manufacturing, with independent and controllable core technologies and strong "import substitution" ability. The company’s main products are rich in specifications and comprehensive in layout, and have distinctive characteristics in the domestic high-end machine tool manufacturing field.

On the one hand, international advanced high-end machine tool enterprises, such as Haas, Otaru, Madzak, Fanuc, Demaji, and Fidia, have continuously extended their own technology chains and industrial chains, adopted personalized numerical control systems and some key functional components independently developed, and some enterprises have also sold them to the outside world. This business model not only ensures the safety and controllability of products, but also has higher market core competitiveness. The development model of the whole industrial chain, the whole talent chain and the whole technology chain established by the company can promote the continuous iterative improvement of the company’s own product technology and lay a solid foundation for the company’s products to benchmark international advanced products. At the same time, it can guarantee the technical safety of the company’s own products and the safety of the national high-end equipment industry, and make contributions to solving some "stuck neck" problems in the field of high-end equipment.

On the other hand, the localization rate of domestic high-end machine tools is less than 10%, and there is huge room for import substitution. However, the number of domestic enterprises engaged in high-end machine tools and their production and sales volume are still far from those of developed countries, and high-end CNC systems and key functional components are still mainly imported. With the rapid development of domestic high-end equipment, the demand for domestic CNC systems and key functional components is constantly increasing. The company can provide domestic enterprises with mature high-end CNC systems and key functional components, and at the same time meet all kinds of customization needs. The company can form strategic cooperation with domestic machine tool manufacturers, provide high-quality domestic CNC systems and key functional components solutions for domestic equipment, break foreign technology monopoly and promote innovation and promotion of domestic machine tool industry.

The company has presided over or undertaken 29 major national science and technology projects and 17 other national and local R&D projects. The company has participated in the formulation of 24 national standards and 10 industry and group standards. Authorized 93 domestic invention patents and 13 international invention patents. The five-axis CNC machine tools, high-grade CNC systems and key functional components independently developed by the company are the first sets in China, which have played a leading role in the breakthrough of CNC core technology in the field of high-end CNC machine tools in China and played a core role in realizing the strategic goal of "import substitution" of the company.

According to the data of China Machine Tool Industry Yearbook in 2021, there are 45 enterprises producing machining center products in the annual report of China machine tool industry in 2020, including Jinan No.2 Machine Tool, Shenyang Machine Tool, () and other large domestic state-owned enterprises and comparable listed companies (), Haitian Seiko, Guosheng Zhike, etc. The counted enterprises basically cover most domestic key and large machining center manufacturing enterprises in the industry.

From the perspective of the sales volume of the association statistics, the proportion of five-axis vertical machining centers sold by the company in 2020 is 13.62%; From the perspective of sales amount, the proportion of five-axis vertical machining centers sold by the company is 22.24%. No matter from the perspective of sales volume or sales amount, the market share of the five-axis vertical machining center sold by the company is at a high level.

3. The development of new technologies, (), new formats and new models during the reporting period and the future development trend.

According to Foresight Industry Research Institute’s Report on Market Demand Forecast and Investment Strategic Planning of CNC Machine Tool Industry in China, it is predicted that the market scale of CNC machine tools in China will grow steadily and rapidly in the future, reaching 572.8 billion yuan by 2024.

Forecast of China CNC Machine Tool Market Scale from 2019 to 2024

1) The promotion and popularization of new technology-five-axis linkage machining technology is the future development direction of the industry.

It is necessary to process complex curved surfaces in industry. Many key parts in ships, airplanes, rockets, satellites and spaceships have certain particularities and processing difficulties, which cannot be met by traditional processing methods. Only by using five-axis linkage, high-speed and high-precision CNC machine tools can the processing requirements be met.

With the trend of automobile lightweight, the traditional parts composed of multiple parts are integrated into a single part, and the processing characteristics of parts are changed from plane to space. At present, the major international suppliers of automobile parts processing equipment, including rabo, Madzak and Demaji, use a large number of five-axis machine tools to set up production lines.

2) New format-demand transformation from single machine tool that only completes a single process to flexible manufacturing unit that completes multiple processes.

Flexible manufacturing unit (FMU) is a manufacturing unit composed of single or multiple five-axis machining centers or compound machining centers and small automatic logistics devices to meet the requirements of efficient processing of multi-variety and small batch parts.

With the intensification of competition and rising costs of downstream production enterprises, especially the sharp rise of labor production costs and the increasingly frequent shortage of labor, more unmanned or less humanized manufacturing systems have begun to appear, and downstream customers’ demand for flexible manufacturing units that respond quickly to the processing market with multiple varieties and small batches will rise. Flexible manufacturing unit will appear as a complete set of equipment of "CNC machine tool+small logistics device (industrial robot, automatic pallet library, truss manipulator, etc.)", which will solve the pain point of the sharp rise of labor production cost in time and realize unmanned or less people.

3) New mode-from single product sales to intelligent manufacturing system integration scheme.

For a long time, most CNC machine tool enterprises in China only focus on producing machine tool products in a certain field, and do not have the ability to provide solutions for automated production lines. In recent years, downstream enterprises have put forward new demands for machine tool suppliers, and tend to cooperate with suppliers who have complete equipment production capacity, provide complete solutions or undertake more complex engineering general contracting projects and automation system transformation capabilities. Intelligent manufacturing system integrators with "turnkey" engineering capability of automated, flexible and intelligent production lines will be able to meet customers’ personalized, customized and differentiated production needs, thus improving customer stickiness. In addition, the encouragement of national and local policies for the construction of automated production lines in manufacturing industry will certainly promote the transformation of intelligent manufacturing equipment suppliers into intelligent manufacturing system integration solution providers.

(IV) Core technologies and R&D progress

1. Core technologies and their advanced features and changes during the reporting period.

The company has mastered the core technology of independent research and development of the main products, five-axis CNC machine tools, high-grade CNC systems and key functional components. Relying on the complete talent chain, technology chain and industrial chain, under the support of continuous high-intensity independent innovation, a number of key core technologies leading domestically and advanced internationally have been formed and mastered. It mainly includes high-grade CNC system technology, universal five-axis CNC machine tool technology, special five-axis CNC machine tool technology, direct-drive functional component technology, high-performance servo drive system technology, high-performance sensing and detection technology, high-performance low-speed torque motor technology, high-performance high-speed torque motor technology, high-performance motorized spindle motor technology, etc., which realizes the effective transformation of technical achievements. The function, control accuracy and processing efficiency of the product have reached the international advanced level. Mastering independent and controllable core technologies has played a core role in the company’s strategic goal of "import substitution".

During the reporting period, on the basis of the original four general technology platforms and two special technology platforms, the company continued to deepen research and development. In order to promote the high-speed and high-quality development of aviation industry, improve the performance of domestic aero-engines, and realize the machining of rotor blade tips of aero-engines by using domestic industrial parent machines, the company successfully launched the technical platform of high-speed blade tip grinding center to form a special plane for high-speed blade tip grinding machining center. Focusing on the common models and high-end CNC system technology in the core technology field, the company has added 7 internationally authorized invention patents and 2 domestically authorized invention patents, mainly aiming at the technical iteration of five-axis horizontal machining center, five-axis turning milling center and GNC6X series CNC system.

Realize multi-directional improvement and promotion in basic common technology;

1. A breakthrough has been made in the installation process of super-high excess cone expansion sleeve for high-speed motor rotor applied to the motorized spindle of CNC machine tools, and the process verification has been successfully completed;

2. The torque motor used for the spindle of CNC machine tools is designed for lifting, and the torque coefficient of three models has been improved by 1.5-2 times, which can effectively reduce the power consumption of machine tools;

3. Further develop advanced measurement cycle function, additional function and adaptive processing detection function suitable for various models;

4. Upgrade the hardware platform of CNC system controller, greatly improve the system computing power and communication efficiency, and enrich the types of communication access;

5. Provide process support for special machine tools such as tip grinding, tooth scraping and multi-channel linkage, provide the process package of fine and excellent curved surface, improve the machining accuracy and efficiency of five axes, expand the access ability of peripheral equipment such as tool setting instrument, and enrich the shaft debugging function;

6. Develop a new generation of servo current loop software and hardware technology, which reduces the terminal control vibration and servo error, and then improves the surface processing quality of the workpiece;

7. In the position feedback link, the sine and cosine signal subdivision algorithm is upgraded, which effectively reduces the motor speed fluctuation and improves the spindle processing effect;

8. A new trajectory optimization and speed planning algorithm is designed to further improve the machining performance of high-speed and high-precision surfaces, meet the machining requirements of complex surfaces, give full play to the mechanical properties of machine tools, and finish the machining of complex surfaces with high efficiency and high quality.

The continuous optimization and improvement of core technologies have fully consolidated the company’s technological advantages and further enhanced the market competitiveness of products.

2. R&D achievements obtained during the reporting period

(1) Intellectual property rights acquired during the reporting period

By December 31st, 2022, the company and its holding subsidiaries had owned 251 patents, including 106 invention patents (including 13 international invention patents and 93 domestic invention patents), 139 utility model patents and 6 design patents, 60 computer software copyrights, 57 trademarks and 3 works copyrights. There are 226 patents under application, including 87 international invention patents, 132 domestic invention patents and 7 utility model patents.

During the reporting period, the company granted 55 new patents, including 7 international invention patents, 6 domestic invention patents and 42 utility model patents. There are 90 new patents, including 65 international invention patents, 18 domestic invention patents and 7 utility model patents.

(2) Awards won during the reporting period

In February 2022, the company’s independent and controllable platform-based high-grade horizontal five-axis machining center won the award of "2021′ Kechuang China’ list-key technology to break through shortcomings in equipment manufacturing field" issued by China Association for Science and Technology; In October 2022, the project "Development and Application of Serialized High Power Density, High Efficiency, High Performance and High Reliability Servo Drive Device" was selected by Dalian Science and Technology Bureau as the first prize of Dalian Science and Technology Progress Award in 2022; In October 2022, KMC600SU, a high-dynamic five-axis vertical machining center, was selected as "Top Ten Product Quality" by cmtba. In November 2022, the company was awarded the "Mechanical Industry Quality Award" by China Machinery Industry Quality Management Association; In November 2022, the company’s project "Key Technologies and Applications of Digital Workshop Interconnection Based on Information Model" was selected as the third prize of Science and Technology Progress Award by China Instrumentation Society; In November 2022, the company’s R&D team was awarded the title of "Excellent Innovation Team in Mechanical Industry" by China Machinery Industry Federation; In December 2022, the company was recognized as the provincial enterprise technology center in 2022 by the Liaoning Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology.

(3) Research and development of new products during the reporting period

During the reporting period, on the basis of the original four general technical platforms and two special technical platforms, the company continued to deepen research and development, and successfully launched the third special technical platform-the high-speed blade tip grinding center technical platform. The equipment of high-speed blade tip grinding center has the characteristics of "high", "fine" and "sharp" in technical level compared with Spanish Danobate products. The introduction of this series of products will help to promote the high-speed and high-quality development of aviation industry, improve the performance of domestic aero-engines, realize the grinding of rotor blade tips of aero-engines and marine engines, and fill the domestic gap. At the same time, three new products were successfully developed and put on the market to achieve sales. Including KD series KTM120 five-axis horizontal boring and milling machine compound machining center, Dechuang series KCX1200TM five-axis horizontal milling machine compound machining center and Dechuang series DMC50 five-axis vertical machining center. New products quickly get market response and realize sales. For aviation, aerospace, weapons, energy, ships, automobiles, mechanical equipment, medical equipment and other industries, large-scale shaft and special-shaped rotary parts are processed efficiently. Typical customers are customers who process key parts such as aircraft landing gear, nuclear equipment and missile body.

3. Table of R&D Investment Reasons for the significant changes in the total R&D investment compared with the previous year

During the reporting period, R&D investment increased by 47.44% compared with the same period of last year, mainly because the company undertook more national R&D projects, and many projects entered the stage of high R&D investment during the reporting period.

4. Research projects

The situation shows that there is none.

5. R&D personnel

6. Other notes:

Iii. Analysis of core competitiveness during the reporting period

(A) analysis of core competitiveness

1, adhere to independent innovation, continuous technology accumulation

The company attaches great importance to the research and development of innovative technologies and adheres to the development strategy of independent and controllable core technologies. By December 31st, 2022, the company had 106 authorized invention patents (including 93 domestic invention patents and 13 international invention patents), 139 utility model patents, 6 design patents, 60 software copyrights, 57 trademarks and 3 works copyrights. He has undertaken 29 national science and technology major projects "High-grade CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment" and 17 other national and local R&D projects; The company has participated in the formulation of 24 national standards and 10 industry and group standards. The core technologies and patents mastered by the company and the continuous improvement of independent innovation ability are one of the keys to the company’s core competitiveness.

During the reporting period, on the basis of the original four general technical platforms and two special technical platforms, the company continued to deepen research and development, and successfully launched the third special technical platform-the high-speed blade tip grinding center technical platform. The equipment of high-speed blade tip grinding center has the characteristics of "high", "fine" and "sharp" in technical level compared with Spanish Danobate products. The introduction of this series of products will help to promote the high-speed and high-quality development of aviation industry, improve the performance of domestic aero-engines, realize the grinding of rotor blade tips of aero-engines and marine engines, and fill the gaps in China. At the same time, the company introduced three new products, including KTM120 five-axis horizontal boring and milling machine compound machining center of KD series, KCX1200TM five-axis horizontal milling machine compound machining center of Dechuang series and DMC50 five-axis vertical machining center of Dechuang series. The continuous introduction and iteration of new products make the company maintain a strong market competitiveness.

2. The core key functional components are self-controllable, and high-end machine tools can be replaced by imports.

The company has a complete talent chain, technology chain and industrial chain. The autonomy rate of the main product five-axis CNC machine tools reaches 85%, and it has mastered the core key technologies of high-grade CNC systems, key functional components and the whole industrial chain of five-axis CNC machine tools. Products are widely used in aviation, aerospace, weapons, ships, automobiles, molds, energy, machinery and equipment, electronics and other industrial fields to achieve import substitution. The GNC series high-grade numerical control system independently developed by the company is benchmarked against Siemens 840D. The report issued by China Machine Tool Supervision and Monitoring Center shows that the GNC series high-grade numerical control system of Kede CNC can reach 95.85% of Siemens 840D in function. The company’s self-developed and self-made key functional components are comprehensive in product types and rich in specifications, including torque motors, spindle motors, servo motors, motorized spindles, turntables, milling heads, laser interferometers, laser tool alignment instruments, wireless probes, laser rulers, encoders and so on. Functional parts products have been matched with the company’s self-produced five-axis CNC machine tools in batches, and batch independent sales have been realized.

3. Double R&D system of high-end CNC system and high-end CNC machine tool, and more efficient iterative promotion.

The company is one of the few innovative enterprises with high-end CNC system and high-end CNC machine tool dual R&D system in China, and one of the few high-tech enterprises based on comprehensive and independent innovation technology system in China at present. It can plan and design machine tool structure, optimize machine tool configuration elements, and customize functional components and functional development for machine tool host according to user’s technological requirements. With the support of dual R&D system, the company’s five-axis CNC machine tools, its key functional components and high-grade CNC system have achieved rapid iterative improvement in function, performance and reliability from the market end to the R&D end.

4. Pre-sales technology and after-sales service have obvious advantages and provide professional solutions.

With the multi-disciplinary and multi-professional pre-sales technical team, the company can tailor a complete set of high-end manufacturing and processing solutions for users in aviation, aerospace, weapons, ships, automobiles, molds, energy, mechanical equipment, electronics and other industries, provide them with flexible and diverse five-axis CNC machine tools, open the functions of high-end CNC systems to customers to the greatest extent, support personalized configuration adjustment, and realize the optimal use of the company’s products. In the after-sales service stage, in view of the technical problems encountered by customers in actual processing and manufacturing, the company can provide quick response and cost-controlled after-sales solutions to meet customers’ multi-level needs. Efficient pre-sale, in-sale and after-sale market service ability is one of the important factors affecting the company’s market profitability.

5. Facing the future manufacturing development needs, provide a complete production line turnkey scheme.

Thanks to the high localization rate and autonomy rate, relying on the complete talent chain, technology chain and industrial chain foundation, combined with the application accumulation of deep cooperation among users in many fields, the company has the turnkey engineering ability of flexible production line, which can meet the personalized, customized and differentiated production needs of customers. Solve the downstream customers’ demand for multi-variety and small batch processing, solve the pain point of the sharp rise in labor production costs, and realize unmanned or less people. With the further accumulation and promotion of the company’s flexible production line business, it will provide complete domestic production line solutions for users in more fields in the future, reduce the difficulty of the transformation and upgrading of users’ manufacturing industry, help users quickly realize the transformation and upgrading of their manufacturing capabilities, and create higher profits for users.

6. In-depth cooperation among key users in many fields and application demonstration to promote market growth.

The company has established four general machining centers and three special machining center technology platforms, which can realize the rapid application verification of high-grade CNC systems and key functional components. At the same time, the company has established a cooperation mode of "co-innovation, co-promotion and co-benefit" with key enterprises in aviation, aerospace, automobile, cutting tools, energy, ships, weapons and other industries. With the support of the national science and technology major project "High-grade CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment" and other platforms, the company’s products have been verified in the processing and manufacturing of key parts of key users in various fields, which not only realizes the rapid verification and upgrading of products, but also plays an application demonstration role in the user industry.

7. Innovative team advantages

In the process of independent innovation, the company has built and precipitated a multi-level, multi-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary team of innovative talents, and established an innovative technical team headed by general manager Chen Hu. At the end of the reporting period, there were 186 R&D teams, with professionals covering R&D, design, manufacturing, assembly, testing and other fields of high-end equipment at home and abroad. Chen Hu, the general manager, graduated from the Department of Precision Instruments and Mechanics in Tsinghua University with a doctorate degree. He served as the leader of the working group of the national fieldbus standard alliance for numerical control systems, enjoyed the special allowance of the State Council, and was selected as the young and middle-aged scientific and technological innovation leader in the "Ten Thousand Talents Program" of the Central Organization Department and the Ministry of Science and Technology. Dr. Chen Hu is a senior expert in China’s CNC system and CNC machine tool industry. He has been engaged in the research and development of high-end CNC systems and high-end CNC machine tools for a long time, and led the company’s technical team to conquer all kinds of high-end five-axis CNC machine tools and their key functional components and high-end CNC systems, and established a complete CNC technology chain and industry that attracted the attention of the industry.

8. Brand advantage

The company is a national high-tech enterprise, awarded the title of "Little Giant" by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and recognized as the provincial enterprise technology center in 2022 by the Liaoning Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology. High-end CNC machine tools have won the Chun Yan Prize in machine tool industry for many times, and the products of KMC800U five-axis linkage vertical machining center have entered the "Supply Catalogue of Domestic High-end CNC Machine Tools in Military Industry", and KMC600SU high-dynamic five-axis linkage vertical machining center has been selected as "Top Ten Product Quality" by cmtba. The project "Five-axis high-quality and high-efficiency precision machining complete process and manufacturing system for aerospace complex components and its demonstration application" won the first prize of scientific and technological progress in China machinery industry, and the project "Key technologies, standards and applications of open CNC system" won the first prize of scientific and technological progress in Liaoning province. The project "Development and application of serialized high power density, high efficiency, high performance and high reliability servo drive device" was selected by Dalian Science and Technology Bureau as the first prize of Dalian Science and Technology Award in 2022, and the project "Key technologies and applications of digital workshop interconnection based on information model" was awarded by China. The company’s products and services have won a good market reputation in key industries such as aviation, aerospace and weapons. The company has established a complete talent chain, technology chain and industrial chain, which has enabled the company to have stronger continuous innovation ability. The mode of "co-innovation, co-promotion and co-benefit" established by the company and users has enabled the company to have better market response ability.The company will continue to provide users with complete domestic high-end manufacturing solutions, constantly promote the application of high-end CNC systems and key functional components in other machine tool enterprises in the machine tool industry, and strive to build the company into a leading enterprise at home and abroad in the field of high-end manufacturing.

(II) Events that have seriously affected the core competitiveness of the company during the reporting period, impact analysis and countermeasures.

Fourth, risk factors

(A) Not yet profitable risk

(2) Risk of sharp decline in performance or loss

(C) core competitiveness risks

At present, the company’s main business products continue to be developed in aerospace, automobile, machinery, mold and other fields, and the demand for the company’s products varies in different fields. If the company can’t quickly adapt to the process differentiation demand in different fields, quickly carry out technical iterative upgrading, enrich the varieties of five-axis CNC machine tools, provide differentiated five-axis CNC machine tools that meet the processing needs in different fields, and provide users with the best processing scheme, it will face adverse effects such as the products can’t adapt to the new market demand, resulting in slower revenue growth.

(4) Operational risks

1, the risk of increased competition

For a long time, the domestic market of five-axis CNC machine tools with the highest technology content is mainly occupied by multinational companies with hundreds of years of machine tool production experience in developed industrial countries such as Germany, Japan and the United States. Domestic independent production capacity is concentrated in the low-end market, and there are very few China enterprises that can independently develop five-axis CNC machine tools.

In recent years, due to the realistic demand of China’s aerospace engine, marine propeller, heavy generator rotor and other strategic equipment industries for high-end CNC machine tools, the state has continuously increased its support for the high-end CNC machine tool industry, and the technical level of China’s high-end CNC machine tool industry has been continuously improved. The performance and function of five-axis CNC machine tools produced by a few excellent domestic manufacturers can meet the needs of import substitution. The gradual rise of high-end CNC machine tool manufacturers in China may attract the attention of competitors and intensify competition. Coupled with the rapid growth of China’s high-end CNC machine tool market and the increasing awareness of the importance of import substitution, it will attract more potential entrants. Therefore, the company faces the risk of intensified market competition.

2. The risk that large foreign-funded enterprises still occupy the main market share in high-end segments.

Most of the large foreign-funded enterprises in the industry are large enterprises integrating upstream functional components and CNC system production, whole machine manufacturing and product sales. Based on the accumulation of industrial countries in architecture design, processing technology, industrial scale and talent echelon for hundreds of years, the reliability and accuracy of its high-end industrial products have obvious advantages over China’s emerging technology enterprises. Therefore, in the field of five-axis CNC machine tools, CNC systems and key functional components with high technical difficulty, downstream users in China still mainly choose foreign advanced products under the condition of free import, resulting in the products of large foreign-funded enterprises still occupying the main market share in the segmentation field.

3. Risks of upstream raw material procurement

The key functional parts of the company are mainly produced independently, and the external procurement is mainly standard parts, but the parts such as guide rails, lead screws and bearings are still mainly purchased externally. In the future, if the international trade friction intensifies, technical protection is strengthened or the demand of competitors increases, the parts such as guide rails, lead screws and bearings will face the risk of sharp price increase or prolonged supply cycle, which will adversely affect the company’s production and operation.

(V) Financial risks

1. Risk of fluctuation of gross profit margin

During the reporting period, the company’s main users were the aerospace industry, and its customization requirements for high-end CNC machine tools were higher in terms of processing accuracy and processing efficiency, and its gross profit margin was relatively high. With the gradual acceleration of the company’s marketization process, the company’s products are expanding into many fields such as precision molds, automobiles, clean energy and construction machinery. Due to the differences in customized configuration of high-end CNC machine tools used by different industries and users, the gross profit margin of related products will also be different, and the change of downstream customer structure may make the overall gross profit margin of the company fluctuate. Moreover, in order to meet the downstream market demand, industry competitors are also investing in or increasing the research and development and production of five-axis CNC machine tools. If the market competition intensifies in the future, the national policy is adjusted or the company fails to maintain the leading position in products, and the selling price of products and the purchasing price of raw materials are adversely changed, the company’s gross profit margin is also at risk of decline.

2. The risk of bad debts caused by the increase in the balance of accounts receivable.

The company has made provision for bad debts for accounts receivable according to the accounting standards. The company’s accounts receivable scale increases with the growth of operating income. If the economic situation worsens or customers have major operational difficulties, the company will face the risk of difficulties in collecting accounts receivable.

(VI) Industry risks

As an important part of intelligent equipment manufacturing industry, high-grade CNC machine tools are strategic industries for national economic and social development. The state has issued a series of encouragement policies to support and promote the development of China’s high-end CNC machine tools and basic equipment manufacturing industry, and enhance industrial innovation ability and international competitiveness. With China’s military modernization and the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry, the demand for independent control of core technologies is increasingly urgent, and the country’s industrial policy continues to increase. If the support of relevant national industrial policies is weakened in the future, it will have a negative impact on the company’s development.

(VII) Macro-environmental risks

The company’s downstream customers are mainly military enterprises that process aero-engines and missile engines, as well as civil manufacturing enterprises in the fields of precision molds, automobiles, clean energy, domestic commercial aircraft and construction machinery. The development of industries where downstream customers are located is highly correlated with the macroeconomic cycle. The adjustment of macroeconomic policies and its periodic fluctuations will have a great impact on the structural upgrading of downstream industries, as well as the operating conditions of end customers, capital turnover speed and fixed assets investment decisions, thus affecting the demand for high-end CNC machine tools.

If the macroeconomic growth rate continues to decline in the future and the downstream industries are depressed for a long time, it may exceed the company’s ability to cope through customer structure adjustment and internal tapping, which will have a great adverse impact on the company’s operation for a period of time.

(8) Risks related to depositary receipts

(9) Other major risks.

V. Discussion and analysis of the company’s future development

(A) the industry pattern and trends

1. For a long time, domestic CNC machine tools have been in a situation of "low-end civil war, mid-end competition and high-end failure", and the high-end market has been occupied by foreign brands.

Developed countries and regions have a long history in the industry of advanced manufacturing equipment such as high-end CNC machine tools, and related enterprises have accumulated advantages in technology, brand and capital, and have the first-Mover advantage, occupying the high-end market. The domestic market of five-axis CNC machine tools with the highest technology content is mainly occupied by multinational companies with hundreds of years of machine tool production experience in developed industrial countries such as Germany, Japan and the United States. The domestic independent production capacity is concentrated in the low-end market, and there are very few China enterprises that can independently develop five-axis CNC machine tools. According to the Outline of the Development of Machinery Industry in the 14th Five-Year Plan, at present, the self-sufficiency rate of high-end CNC machine tools in China is less than 10%, which basically depends on imports. Therefore, the main competitors of China’s five-axis CNC machine tool enterprises represented by the company are mainly international manufacturers.

2. China is a big machine tool consumer, attracting a large number of international brand CNC machine tool enterprises to stay in the China market.

China has become the most important machine tool consumption market in the world. According to the data of German Machine Tool Manufacturers Association (VDW), the consumption of machine tools in Chinese mainland in 2021 was 23.6 billion euros, up 27% year-on-year, accounting for about 34% of the global market. However, on the whole, China’s machine tool industry presents the development characteristics of "big but not strong", and the field of high-end CNC machine tools is still a weak link with strong import dependence.

According to the data of cmtba, in 2022, the import volume of metal processing machine tools in China reached US$ 6.6 billion, of which the total amount of imported machining centers was US$ 2.37 billion. The average price of imported machining centers increased significantly year-on-year, the proportion of imported high-end machining centers increased, and there was huge room for domestic substitution.

In April 2022, Nippon Denso (which owns Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, OKK and other machine tool enterprises) expanded its factory area in Pinghu, Zhejiang Province from the original planned 60,000 square meters to 200,000 square meters to produce gear processing machine tools. At the same time, Demajisen Seiki invested 100 million US dollars to build Pinghu factory, with an estimated annual output of 2,200 machining centers. In the same year, Demajisen Seiki opened Tianjin Green Factory and Shanghai Medical Device Technology Center. In June, 2022, German Wheeler Xile Machine Tool (Qingdao) Company laid the foundation stone for the new Jimo factory covering an area of 73,000 square meters, and it is estimated that it will achieve the production of 300 five-axis and horizontal processing machine tools. In July 2022, the foundation stone was laid for the second phase factory of German (SW) Esway Machine Tool Co., Ltd., and China will become the largest overseas R&D and manufacturing base in the world, with an annual production capacity of about 350 machining centers. Thus, the continuous investment of foreign-funded enterprises in China market shows the high prosperity and development space of domestic five-axis machine tool industry.

3. China machine tool industry is transforming into a high-end field.

Five-axis CNC technology is one of the important standards to measure the manufacturing ability and technical level of complex precision parts in a country. Five-axis CNC machine tool is the only means to solve the cutting of key industrial products such as aerospace and aero-engine impeller, impeller, blade and marine propeller. From the Batumi List after World War II to the Wassenaar Agreement after the Cold War, the developed countries in the west have always adopted the five-axis CNC system and five-axis CNC machine tools as strategic materials to implement the export license system, and imposed strict technical blockade and export restrictions on many countries, including China.

After decades of development, the domestic CNC machine tool industry has been developing independently and drawing on foreign experience. From scratch, it has grown continuously, resulting in such established enterprises as Shenyang Machine Tool (000410.SZ) and Qinchuan Machine Tool (000837.SZ), which are in the forefront of the world, as well as a number of core design technologies and manufacturing processes such as Kede CNC, which can provide high performance for their own dedicated application fields and product types.

In recent years, with the help of favorable market conditions such as the transformation of China’s manufacturing industry, the rising demand for high-end CNC machine tools, and the huge import substitution space, such emerging manufacturers have made great efforts to develop their own products and technical level, enhanced their financial strength through public financing and other means, achieved remarkable development, and rapidly increased their market share.

4. The rapid development of high-end manufacturing industry has brought new development opportunities for domestic high-end machine tools.

At present, China is in an important stage of transformation from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power. The intelligent manufacturing equipment industry is the basic guarantee for the adjustment and upgrading of the entire economic structure and the leading industry for the transformation and upgrading of the national economy. In the new round of industrial upgrading, high-end manufacturing industry will gradually replace simple manufacturing industry, and manufacturing industry will gradually change from labor-intensive industry to technology-intensive industry. This transformation and upgrading will also promote the technological upgrading of the intelligent manufacturing equipment industry, which will greatly increase the market demand of middle and high-end CNC machine tools. High-end CNC machine tools are mainly used in aviation, aerospace, nuclear, electronics, ships, weapons, energy, automobiles, molds, knives and other key industries, especially aviation, aerospace and military industries. The demand for localization is urgent, the stock needs to be updated urgently, and the market growth is expected.

Taking the aviation industry as an example, high-end CNC machine tools mainly serve the processing of key parts of military aircraft and civil aircraft. In the civil aircraft market, Comac China has launched three classes of passenger aircraft, namely ARJ21, C919 and CR929. On December 9, 2022, Comac China delivered the world’s first C919 large passenger plane to China Eastern Airlines, marking a new milestone in the development of large aircraft. According to the "2022 Shanghai Science and Technology Progress Report" issued by the Shanghai, China Municipal Science and Technology Commission, "by the end of 2022, the C919 large passenger aircraft had received 1,035 orders from 32 customers; In December 2022, the ARJ21 new regional aircraft was delivered to the first overseas customer, Indonesian Lingya Airlines. ARJ21 received 690 orders from 25 customers and delivered a total of 100 aircraft to 9 domestic and foreign customers. " According to the Market Forecast Annual Report of Comac China (2022-2041) issued by Comac China, with the steady rise of China’s economy, China’s civil aviation industry will enter a period of development quality improvement and pattern expansion. By 2041, the fleet size of China will reach 10,007, accounting for 21.1% of the global passenger aircraft fleet. China aviation market will become the largest single aviation market in the world.

According to the report on the draft government budget released by the National People’s Congress on March 5, 2023, China’s military budget in 2023 was 1,553.7 billion yuan, up 7.2% year-on-year, and the increase rate was 0.1 percentage point higher than that in 2022. It was also the third consecutive year since 2021 that China’s military budget rose slightly, and the situation of strengthening the army was urgent. At present, the international environment is deteriorating, regional conflicts and confrontation between great powers are escalating, and it is reasonable and urgent to speed up national defense investment. China’s military industry is still in the stage of compensatory development. The aerospace and military industries, represented by missiles, rockets and satellites, have entered the stage of rapid expansion of production, and high-end CNC machine tools have played a strong support and guarantee role in aviation, aerospace and military industries.

In addition to the urgent demand for five-axis CNC machine tools in key industries such as aviation, aerospace and military industry, with the transformation of automobile to lightweight and integration, "one-piece die casting" forms a variety of special-shaped components, which provides more opportunities for five-axis CNC machine tools in finishing. The processing of battery, motor housing, reducer housing, bogie, front and rear axle and other parts of new energy vehicles has become a new growth point of five-axis machine tools. According to the latest data from China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, in 2022, the production and sales of new energy vehicles reached 7.058 million and 6.887 million respectively, up by 96.9% and 93.4% year-on-year, and the market share reached 25.6%. With the continuous expansion of the new energy automobile industry, the integrated processing equipment and automatic production line of automobile parts will usher in more development opportunities. At the same time, due to insufficient overseas supply and greatly enhanced export competitiveness of China automobile enterprises, automobile exports exceeded 3 million vehicles in 2022, up 54.4% year-on-year, effectively boosting the overall growth of the industry.

Tool is a tool used for cutting in mechanical manufacturing, and it is the basic industry in mechanical manufacturing and major technical fields, accounting for about 90% of the whole mechanical processing workload, which directly determines the production level of mechanical manufacturing. According to the data of cmtba, China Customs and Forward-looking Industry Research Institute, in 2022, the tool export value was 23.187 billion yuan, up 2.98% year-on-year; The import value of cutting tools was 9.732 billion yuan, down 8.47% year-on-year. The export value is obviously greater than the import value, and the dependence on imports continues to decline. The continuous increase of China’s tool export shows that domestic tool products occupy an important position in the world tool market. China needs to import more than 1,000 five-axis tool grinders every year, and the company’s five-axis tool grinding center is one of the few equipment in China that can grind complex tools such as ball end mill and corrugated knives, and has a good market prospect.

5. Support of national industrial policies

As an important part of equipment manufacturing industry, CNC machine tools have become one of the important material bases of national industrial modernization. Our government has always attached great importance to the development of CNC machine tool industry and its sub-sectors, and has successively issued a series of relevant policies to guide industry participants to increase R&D investment, strengthen innovation awareness, break through technical bottlenecks, improve the effective supply of common technologies and high-end products, and meet the market demand in downstream areas.

On May 8, 2015, the State Council officially issued "Made in China 2025", which became the action program for guiding the adjustment of industrial structure and upgrading of manufacturing industry, and then implementing the strategy of building a strong country. High-end equipment is the foundation of manufacturing transformation. In order to promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry, the Chinese government has vigorously promoted the development of high-end equipment industry and issued a series of industrial policies. In 2018, the Bureau of Statistics issued the Classification of Strategic Emerging Industries (2018), which listed metal cutting machine tools, metal forming machine tools, machine tool control systems, machine tool functional parts and accessories as "intelligent manufacturing equipment industry" in the "high-end equipment manufacturing industry". In November 2019, thirteen ministries and commissions, including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the National Development and Reform Commission, jointly issued the "Special Action Plan for Improving the Design Capability of Manufacturing Industry (2019-2022)", clearly pointing out that in the field of high-end CNC machine tools, it is necessary to achieve a breakthrough in original design, strengthen the key design of high-end equipment manufacturing industry, and focus on breaking through the system development platform and servo mechanism design. In March, 2021, the Fourth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress voted to pass the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Outline of Long-term Goals in 2035. The Outline emphasizes promoting the optimization and upgrading of manufacturing industry, deeply implementing intelligent manufacturing and green manufacturing projects, developing a new service-oriented manufacturing model, promoting the high-end intelligent greening of manufacturing industry, cultivating advanced manufacturing clusters, and promoting the innovative development of high-end CNC machine tools and other industries.

Therefore, the new round of industrial structure adjustment and upgrading is bound to replace the traditional manufacturing industry with advanced manufacturing industry. This transformation and upgrading will greatly increase the update demand of high-performance CNC machine tools as one of the industrial mother machines. The State Council’s Opinions of the State Council on Accelerating the Revitalization of Equipment Manufacturing Industry, High-grade CNC Machine Tools and Basic Manufacturing Equipment, and China Machinery Industry Federation’s Outline for the Development of Machinery Industry in the Tenth Five-Year Plan all provide strong policy support for the development of high-grade CNC machine tool industry represented by five-axis CNC machine tools.

(II) Company development strategy

As a technology-intensive enterprise, the company adheres to the development strategy of independent and controllable core technology. Adhere to the technology platform route, and customize the design with common technology to maximize the product value. By establishing a management system in line with the company’s strategic objectives, improving the company’s organizational structure with modern enterprise management system and corporate governance structure, providing customers with high-quality products and services with technological innovation, and rationally expanding the production scale by using the capital market, the company’s comprehensive competitiveness and sustainable development ability will be continuously improved to meet the diversified and personalized needs of different users and continue to create value for customers.

Based on the existing four universal five-axis technology platforms and three special plane series, the company will integrate special processing and efficient processing technology, improve the high-low product series, and complete the national layout of R&D, production, service and talents. On the basis of maintaining the market advantages of small and medium-sized aero-engines, missile engines, high-precision inertial navigation and missile body parts, we will increase the market share of key parts processing equipment such as large engines and aircraft structural parts; In view of the demand for processing equipment in the fields of automobiles, molds, knives, mechanical equipment and energy, the company gradually exerted its strength to expand its share in the civilian products market; Pay attention to the emerging market demand in electric vehicles, motion control and other fields, and realize the sales extension of key functional components, so as to become a new kinetic energy for high-speed income growth; Improve the complete solution ability of automated production line to meet the market business needs. Independent incubation of special motors, new sensors and other products in a timely manner, exploring new areas of the company’s growth.

1. Technical strategy

(1) adhere to the technology platform.

Focusing on four general five-axis technology platforms (vertical plus, horizontal plus, gantry and horizontal milling car) and three special five-axis technology platforms (tool grinding, blade machine and high-speed blade tip grinding), the company has carried out technology extension, adhered to the technology platform route, and gradually integrated external resources while relying on its own technology accumulation. Focus on modularization and standardization of unit technology, so as to facilitate the reuse of core technology, on the one hand, achieve the effect of maximizing value, on the other hand, it is easy to expand the application of technology to other fields to realize the independent evolution and development of unit technology.

(2) Attach importance to engineering ability

Guide the research and development direction with the market technical demand, promote the engineering and commercialization of scientific research results by using the technology platform, and form various products that meet the market demand; Engineering capabilities, including market research and demand analysis, product definition, performance optimization iteration, etc., are built as core competitiveness different from universities and other research forces.

(3) Establish the concept of open innovation.

Establish an "open, integrated, inclusive and innovative" corporate culture, build a socialized R&D platform with R&D as the core, promote the integration with technical resources around the industry, and improve the overall integration of products. Deeply cultivate institutions and personnel at all levels in the user industry to grasp the development trend of the industry and seize market opportunities; Recruit and train professionals in various industries, build a professional self-operation team, and realize independent accounting in manufacturing, marketing and other institutions.

2. Business strategy

(1) Internal business strategy

First, master the core research and development capabilities. Resolutely guide the research and development direction with market demand, and make use of platform advantages and technology accumulation advantages to achieve rapid engineering and rapid iteration.

Second, build a professional manufacturing system. Improve production planning ability, supply chain management ability and quality control ability; Form a complete, clear and controllable production management system, from functional components to the whole machine, form a vertical line management mechanism, and have the ability to expand and copy or support their own production capacity at any time.

Third, the implementation of human resources strategy. Excavate all kinds of outstanding talents and set up specialized teams (sales, technology and production) for specific industries; Improve the equity incentive and performance appraisal system, and realize the common growth of talents and companies through shareholding platforms.

(2) foreign business strategy

The company will strengthen its core pre-sales and after-sales capabilities. Improve the pre-sales plan ability and service ability, and issue pre-sales plans to drive relevant R&D and production work; Improve after-sales ability, improve response speed and problem solving efficiency. In addition, the company will strengthen the export standards, and solve the problem of the company’s current insufficient production capacity by integrating outsourcing resources and low-matching series of cooperative production.

3. Product strategy

The company will take the brand value of Kede CNC as the core, focus on the national strategic policy support, and take five-axis CNC machine tools as the carrier to build the brand value of Kede CNC and establish a good reputation in the industry; A complete system from providing five-axis complete machine equipment to providing flexible units and then to flexible production lines. Gradually complete the systematic layout of functional components, and master the independent research ability of core functional components such as CNC system, motor and motorized spindle, sensor and turntable. Further expand the professional radiation of components, based on the reputation of machine tools, expand the application fields of components, and promote the application from machine tools to aerospace, aviation, automobiles, mechanical equipment and other fields. In terms of product layout, it will be dominated by high-low distribution and differentiated structure. High-end models will bring high added value and high profits, and ordinary mass production models will ensure the liquidity of enterprises.

(3) Business plan

1. Actively expand the business scale and complete the construction of fundraising projects.

In order to meet the needs of the company’s development strategy, according to the company’s actual situation, actively explore and study the company’s new business and new customer expansion work, adhere to import substitution as the core, develop and improve other industrial fields on the basis of deepening and strengthening the aerospace field, give full play to the advantages of the whole industrial chain, full technology chain and full talent chain, and gain a foothold in the market with efficient solutions, cost-effective products and high reliability. Combined with the actual situation of obtaining investment funds, we will complete the construction of investment projects, rapidly increase production capacity and respond to market demand.

2. Continue to introduce scientific and technological talents and enhance technical reserves.

On the basis of existing personnel, the company will introduce all kinds of technical talents as needed, optimize the talent structure, attract high-end talents, and provide sufficient technical talent reserves for the subsequent development of the company. In terms of technology development, the company will optimize and improve the existing technology, develop the technology of high-end CNC machine tools and related core functional components with its own intellectual property rights according to the ever-developing demand trend, and actively explore cooperation with universities at home and abroad to maintain technological leadership.

3. Improve management ability and ensure product quality.

With the expansion of the company’s production scale, especially the future fundraising projects will be put into production and operation, which will put forward higher requirements for the company’s management ability. In the future, the company will complete the improvement of the whole process management software of processing and manufacturing, improve the existing management efficiency, realize the whole process visual target management of the project, ensure the traceability of the whole processing and manufacturing process, and better guarantee the quality control of equipment.

Eighteen institutes in the First Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group are high-tech research institutes specializing in scientific research and production of aerospace servo products, and they are pioneers and leaders of aerospace servo technology in China. Therefore, the business strategy of "leading aerospace servo and serving the land, sea, air and sky" is to integrate gas, hydraulic, machinery, control, electronics, electrical, software, computer, etc., and the related business has been extended to aerospace, navigation, aviation and many other fields.

According to the needs of organizational restructuring and business development, the 18 th Institute decided to openly recruit some positions in the government, and the relevant matters are hereby announced as follows:

I. Recruitment positions

Second, the job responsibilities and qualifications

(1) Strategic planner

(1) Job responsibilities:

1 responsible for the strategic management system (including system) construction;

2. To be responsible for conducting research around the major issues that are overall, strategic and forward-looking, and forming research reports;

3. Be responsible for analyzing the internal and external environment of the Institute, tracking the development trends of the industry and benchmarking companies in the industry, conducting analysis and forming an analysis and research report;

4. Responsible for strategic partners and establish relationships;

5. Organize to study and formulate the medium-and long-term comprehensive development strategy, five-year plan and three-year rolling plan of the Institute, carry out evaluation and form a report;

6. Be responsible for formulating the No.1 document of the Party and government and the annual comprehensive plan; Organize the construction of performance appraisal system; Carry out internal operation analysis of the institute and prepare analysis reports regularly;

7. Be responsible for organizing the cockpit construction of intelligent decision-making data;

8. Responsible for the management of the main business;

9. Responsible for the daily coordination and management of the office of the Strategic Management Committee.

(2) Requirements:

1. Master degree or above with two years’ working experience;

2. Have certain financial expertise;

3. Have CET-4 or above, and be able to translate industry research reports at home and abroad;

4. Strong writing, language expression and communication skills;

5. Experience in industry research and analysis is preferred.

(2) Reform and development division

(1) Job responsibilities:

1. To be responsible for tracking the research results of domestic and foreign enterprises in reform and development, corporate governance, management mode, etc., and put forward reform and development suggestions for the leaders;

2. Responsible for the three-year reform of state-owned enterprises and the restructuring of public institutions, organize and coordinate the improvement of corporate governance structure and promote the modernization of corporate governance;

3. Responsible for the organization and management, organizational setup and post preparation, and optimize organizational setup and responsibilities;

4. Be responsible for the organization’s process system construction, and organize the formulation of process system management documents;

5. Be responsible for the construction of the rules and regulations system and the management of the system database;

6. Responsible for the centralized management of innovation activities and international development.

(2) Requirements:

1. Master degree or above with two years’ working experience;

2. Have CET-4 or above;

3. Strong writing, language expression and communication skills;

4. Experience in process management is preferred.

(3) Business administrators

(1) Job responsibilities:

1. Responsible for model market development, comprehensive demonstration and planning of project establishment, model operation management, model technical and economic unity and operational risk management;

2. Be responsible for analyzing and formulating the estimated scale of development funds and the target price strategy;

3. Responsible for the declaration, evaluation, negotiation and signing of the budget estimate for the development model;

4. Organize price declaration, and be responsible for model price review, negotiation and signing;

5. Be responsible for formulating the expected operating target of the model, the pre-control plan of funds and organizing the implementation;

6. Responsible for model life cycle planning and signing outsourcing contracts for some important components and above; Organization model life cycle fund management and completion settlement.

(2) Requirements:

1. Education: Master or above;

2. Generally, you should have more than 1 year experience in model development, understand the model development process, and master the composition, preliminary principle, function and supporting relationship of the servo system.

(4) Price administrator

(1) Job responsibilities:

1 responsible for the research and implementation of national price policy;

2. Be responsible for the construction of the cost and price standard management system; Demonstration of price information system, database construction and data maintenance;

3. Be responsible for the price management of products on the shelves;

4. Be responsible for reviewing the price funds of the outsourced and purchased products of the project and organizing the pricing;

5. Be responsible for reviewing the over-estimated funds of the model supporting outsourcing units;

6. Be responsible for the management of project quotation and project guidance price.

(2) Requirements:

1. The education level under 30 years old should be master’s degree or above, and over 30 years old should have a bachelor’s degree or above; Assistant level (inclusive) or above professional and technical post qualification or equivalent professional qualification level; Generally, you should have 1 year or above relevant working experience; The age is generally not more than 45 years old.

(5) Cost analysts

(1) Job responsibilities:

1. Be responsible for the research of cost and price estimation method, software construction and application;

2. Responsible for the internal actual cost audit of the project, put forward the actual cost audit opinions, and prepare the first batch (trial batch) cost analysis report;

3. Responsible for the implementation of project process cost monitoring.

(2) Requirements:

1. The education level under 30 years old should be master’s degree or above, and over 30 years old should have a bachelor’s degree or above; Assistant level (inclusive) or above professional and technical post qualification or equivalent professional qualification level, generally should have 1 year or above relevant work experience; The age is generally not more than 45 years old.

(6) Model planning and scheduling

(1) Job responsibilities:

1. Prepare the scientific research and production plan of the competent model; Monthly plan for scientific research and production; Scheduling and coordination of production organization; Product matching, testing, delivery and after-sales; Assessment of scientific research and production plan; Quality, funds and cost management.

(2) Requirements:

1. The education level under 30 years old should be master’s degree or above, and over 30 years old should have a bachelor’s degree or above; Assistant level (inclusive) or above professional and technical qualifications, generally should have more than 2 years of relevant work experience; The age is generally not more than 35 years old.

2. Master the basic knowledge of project management; Master model development, process flow, servo system composition, preliminary principle, function and supporting relationship.

(7) Material buyer

(1) Job responsibilities:

1. Responsible for the preparation, purchase, coordination and warehousing of model material plans;

2. Responsible for organizing the implementation, acceptance and warehousing of self-collected materials;

3. Be responsible for the comprehensive coordination of the progress of all materials;

4. Be responsible for the statistics, analysis and reporting of the completion of the material procurement plan;

5. Be responsible for the implementation of model material procurement quality and the preparation of material quality review report;

6. Be responsible for material negotiation, procurement contract signing and payment;

7. Be responsible for capability evaluation and performance evaluation of material suppliers.

(2) Requirements:

1 should have a bachelor’s degree or above, assistant level (inclusive) or above professional and technical qualifications, generally should have more than 2 years of relevant work experience; Generally no more than 40 years old;

2. Master the basic knowledge of project management, procurement management and supply chain management; Master the basic knowledge of components and other materials.

(eight) product buyers

(1) Job responsibilities:

1. Be responsible for outsourcing, preparation of outsourced products and outsourced test plans, commissioning of tasks, process supervision, and complete warehousing;

2. Responsible for organizing the implementation of product quality control requirements and comprehensive coordination of process problems;

3. Be responsible for the statistics, analysis and reporting of the completion of outsourcing, outsourcing and test plans;

4. Responsible for organizing supplier sourcing and product trial production;

5. Responsible for outsourcing, outsourcing, trial price negotiation, contract signing and payment;

6. Be responsible for capability evaluation and performance evaluation of suppliers.

(2) Requirements:

1 should have a bachelor’s degree or above, assistant level (inclusive) or above professional and technical qualifications, generally should have more than 2 years of relevant work experience; Generally no more than 40 years old;

2. Understand the basic knowledge of project management, procurement management and supply chain management; Master the composition and basic principle of servo products, and master the process of product development, production and technology (machining, electrical assembly, etc.).

(9) Model quality administrator

(1) Job responsibilities:

1. Draft and improve the quality management requirements of the models in charge, and supervise the implementation of the requirements;

2. Coordinate and organize to undertake various reviews, meetings and related work required by the quality system, and track and manage the implementation of the remaining backlog;

3. Organize and participate in the zeroing of model quality problems.

(2) Requirements:

1. The education level under 30 years old should be master’s degree or above, and over 30 years old should have a bachelor’s degree or above; Assistant level (inclusive) or above professional and technical qualifications, generally should have more than 2 years of work experience;

2. Professional knowledge: quality management system requirements, common quality tools and methods, model development process, basic knowledge of servo products and other related products, etc.

3. Understand the national quality management laws and regulations. Master the model quality management requirements of Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation and the First Hospital.

(10) Product quality assurance administrator

(1) Job responsibilities:

1. Make annual product quality assurance plans, product quality activity nodes and plans and organize their implementation;

2. Carry out the quality evaluation and related work of the products in charge, and cooperate with the production and quality assurance division to carry out the inspection of product assurance requirements;

3. Be responsible for zeroing the quality problems of various professional products and drawing inferences from others; Collect and summarize the problems in product quality assurance and coordinate to solve them;

4. Responsible for organizing the acceptance of outsourced products and supervising and inspecting outsourced units;

5. Be responsible for organizing the model requirements to be included in the production and guarantee requirements and promoting their implementation.

(2) Requirements:

1. The education level under 30 years old should be master’s degree or above, and over 30 years old should have a bachelor’s degree or above; Generally, you should have more than 2 years working experience;

2. Professional knowledge: quality management knowledge and commonly used quality tools and methods, quality management system requirements, basic knowledge and development process of servo products and other related products, etc.

3. Understand the national quality management laws and regulations. Master the model quality management requirements of Aerospace Science and Technology Group and First Hospital.

(11) Process management post

(1) Job responsibilities:

1. Plan and participate in the compilation of professional digital production line construction scheme, organize scheme demonstration and review, and participate in the formulation and construction implementation of task book; Organize and write the summary and planning of digital production line construction;

2. Be responsible for the process management of the model.

(2) Requirements:

1. The education level under 30 years old should be master’s degree or above, and over 30 years old should have a bachelor’s degree or above; With intermediate titles; Under the age of 35;

2. Generally, you should have more than 3 years working experience in technology;

3. Familiar with the process characteristics of servo products and related knowledge of digital process;

4. Should have relevant experience in professional digital production line construction.

Third, matters needing attention

1. Recruitment scope: within the aerospace system.

2. Work place: Beijing

3. Registration method: According to the job recruitment demand information, fill in the Application Form for Eighteen Jobs (attachment), name it in the form of social talent+job name+name, and send an email to the registration mailbox of calt18hr@163.com.

4. Deadline for registration: September 8, 2021.

Contact person and contact information: Teacher Sun 010-68382905

Attachment: Application Form for Eighteen Positions

[Editor: Wang Zhanchao]

　　Shanghai Stock Exchange ChinaNet News (Reporter Zeng Qingyi) On February 25th, the fourth general meeting of the 9th Shanghai Public Relations Association was held in Shanghai. The meeting reviewed the achievements of the association in the past year, planned the development direction of the new year, and injected the high-quality development of public relations in Shanghai..

　　At the meeting, Du Zhizhong, vice-president and secretary-general of Shanghai Public Relations Association, made a Report on the Work of the Board of Directors of the Fourth General Meeting of the Ninth Shanghai Public Relations Association, summarizing the achievements made by the association in leading party building, brand building, serving members, exchanges and cooperation in 2024.

　　Specifically, in the past year, under the guidance of Party construction, the association established a party branch to carry out a number of special learning activities; In terms of brand building, the association has improved the selection of excellent public relations cases and other active brands, and successfully held the 11th Shanghai Excellent Public Relations Case Award Ceremony and the 2024 Shanghai Public Relations International Forum. In terms of serving members, the association helps members solve practical problems by building a platform, visiting and investigating, etc., and has also been identified as the contact point for grassroots legislation of the Standing Committee of Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress; In the field of communication and cooperation, the association expanded communication channels at home and abroad, initiated the establishment of the Yangtze River Delta public relations alliance, carried out non-governmental diplomacy, compiled and published the book Inspiration Shanghai, and held many cultural exchange activities.

　　Then, the conference released ten major events of Shanghai Public Relations Association in 2024, covering award ceremony, book launch, international forum, cooperation and exchange and other fields.

　　In the commendation session, Chen Qingshan, vice president and deputy secretary general of Shanghai Public Relations Association, read out the Decision on Commending Outstanding Units and Individuals in 2024, and commended 32 outstanding units such as Shanghai Newspaper and Shanghai Haiyi Construction (Group) Co., Ltd. and 15 outstanding individuals such as Bu Qiang, general manager of Shanghai Puhe Engineering Design Co., Ltd.

　　In addition, the meeting also showed the list of new members in 2024. Subsequently, after all members voted, the meeting passed the resolution of the fourth general meeting of the ninth Shanghai Public Relations Association.

　　"In 2025, Shanghai Public Relations Association should not only continue to do a good job in organizing activities and disseminating information, but also become a promoter of harmonious social development and a defender of public interests." Sha Hailin, president of Shanghai Public Relations Association, said that the association will play a greater role around "people’s democracy in the whole process", "social organization consultation" and "social governance" to help China enterprises "go global", spread China culture and actively adapt.andThe development of innovative communication means and strategies.

　　Text: Zeng Qingyi

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 18th Question: The key data of the first quarter was released. What do you think of the current economic situation?

　　Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporter

　　In 2023, the first quarterly report of China’s economy was released on the 18th: the gross domestic product (GDP) was 28,499.7 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.5%.

　　On April 18th, the State Council Press Office held a press conference in Beijing. Fu Linghui, spokesperson of the National Bureau of Statistics and director of the National Economic Statistics Department, introduced the operation of the national economy in the first quarter of 2023 and answered questions from reporters. Xinhua News Agency reporter Cai Yang photo

　　Facing the severe and complicated international environment and arduous domestic reform, development and stability tasks, China’s economy has made a good start. What do you think of this report card? The "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporter combed the key data.

　　GDP increased by 4.5% year-on-year: the economy stabilized and rebounded.

　　In the first quarter, GDP increased by 4.5% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 1.6 percentage points higher than that in the fourth quarter of last year; The chain increased by 2.2%.

　　"With the rapid and smooth transition of epidemic prevention and control, various policies and measures to stabilize growth, employment and prices have been put forward, positive factors have accumulated and the national economy has stabilized and rebounded." Fu Linghui, spokesman of the National Bureau of Statistics, said.

　　Since the beginning of this year, the World Bank and other international organizations have raised the economic growth forecast of China. "Under the current situation that the overall recovery of the world economy is weak, China’s economy has shown a positive momentum and injected beneficial increments into global growth." World Bank President Malpas said.

　　Fu Linghui said that considering the low base affected by the epidemic in the second quarter of last year, the economic growth rate in the second quarter of this year may be significantly faster than that in the first quarter; With the increase of the base, the growth rate will fall back in the third and fourth quarters. On the whole, however, the endogenous driving force of China’s economic growth is gradually enhanced, and the macro-policies are effective, and the economic operation is expected to improve as a whole.

　　Total consumption exceeds 11 trillion yuan: the overall recovery is improving.

　　In the first quarter, the total retail sales of consumer goods in China was 11,492.2 billion yuan, up 5.8% year-on-year, down 2.7% in the fourth quarter of last year; The contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to economic growth reached 66.6%.

　　With the gradual release of residents’ consumption demand, the growth of upgrading consumption has accelerated, and the consumption of basic life has continued to grow. In the first quarter, the retail sales of goods increased by 4.9% year-on-year, and decreased by 1.7% in the fourth quarter of last year.

　　"The overall consumption has shown a good recovery trend." Fu Linghui said that with the continuous efforts of the consumption promotion policy, the market sales have rebounded significantly, especially the service consumption has improved significantly, and the consumption has significantly enhanced the economic growth.

　　Yang Guangpu, an associate researcher at the State Council Development Research Center, said that at present, efforts should still be made to enhance residents’ confidence and ability in consumption, do everything possible to increase residents’ income, so that people can spend more confidently, and actively increase quality supply, effectively combine consumption expansion with supply-side structural reform, and continuously release consumption potential.

　　Fixed assets investment increased by 5.1% year-on-year: the steady growth of investment is expected to continue.

　　In the first quarter, the national investment in fixed assets increased by 5.1% year-on-year, which was the same as that of the previous year.

　　Fu Linghui said that since the beginning of this year, China has insisted on expanding domestic demand, actively played the key role of investment in optimizing the supply structure, increased investment in key areas and key links, and expanded investment in people’s livelihood, effectively safeguarding and improving people’s lives. The steady growth of investment has effectively enhanced the development potential.

　　It is worth noting that investment in high-tech industries grew rapidly in the first quarter, with a year-on-year increase of 16%. "The rapid development of high-tech industries is conducive to further enhancing the resilience of China’s industrial chain supply chain, and is conducive to continuously improving China’s industrial added value and its strength in global industrial competition." Xu Zhaoyuan, deputy director of the Industrial Economics Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center, said.

　　Yang Guangpu said that with the sustained economic recovery, the technological transformation, transformation and upgrading of traditional industries are expected to accelerate, digital transformation and green and low-carbon transformation continue to advance, and with the implementation of various support policies, investment is expected to maintain steady growth.

　　Foreign trade increased by 4.8% year-on-year: export growth was higher than expected.

　　In the first quarter, the total import and export value of China’s goods trade was 9.89 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.8%. In March, the total import and export value was 3.71 trillion yuan, up 15.5% year-on-year, of which exports increased by 23.4% year-on-year and imports increased by 6.1%.

　　Lu Daliang, director of the Statistics and Analysis Department of the General Administration of Customs, said that since the beginning of this year, China’s economic operation has stabilized and rebounded, production and demand have gradually improved, and foreign trade imports and exports have stabilized significantly. "In the first quarter, China’s foreign trade import and export showed strong resilience, and the start was stable and good, laying the foundation for achieving stable and improved foreign trade throughout the year."

　　Zhuang Rui, a professor at university of international business and economics, said that the rapid export growth is mainly reflected in the bright export of electromechanical and high-tech products represented by new energy vehicles, as well as the improvement of export growth to countries along the Belt and Road Initiative and countries with regional comprehensive economic partnership agreements (RCEP) and other trading partners. In addition, due to the narrowing of the year-on-year increase in international commodity prices, the growth rate of imports is relatively low.

　　CPI rose by 1.3% year-on-year: prices remained stable.

　　In the first quarter, the national consumer price index (CPI) rose by 1.3% year-on-year, maintaining a moderate increase, and domestic prices continued to run smoothly.

　　Stabilizing prices is an important task for doing a good job in economic work this year. Fu Linghui said that the CPI increase continued to fall, mainly affected by some stage factors: after the Spring Festival, the market demand fell, the weather turned warmer, the listing of fresh vegetables increased more, and the prices of some foods fell; The supply of live pigs is sufficient and the price of pork has declined; The international energy market, especially the crude oil market, has generally declined, which has led to lower domestic energy prices and so on.

　　Although the increase of CPI has declined, the market supply and demand have remained basically stable. In the first quarter, the core CPI excluding food and energy prices rose by 0.8% year-on-year, which was the same as that in January and February.

　　"Looking forward to the whole year, China’s industrial and agricultural products and services are well supplied, production and marketing are smoothly connected, the market order is good, and the overall economic recovery trend will gradually appear in prices. It is expected that the overall price level will generally operate in a reasonable range." Guo Liyan, director of the Comprehensive Situation Research Office of China Macroeconomic Research Institute, said.

　　PPI decreased by 1.6% year-on-year: it is expected to gradually return to a reasonable level.

　　In the first quarter, the national producer price index (PPI) decreased by 1.6% year-on-year, of which the price of means of production decreased by 2.3%.

　　Fu Linghui said that since the beginning of this year, world economic growth has slowed down, market demand has weakened, supply bottlenecks have eased, and commodity prices have fallen, which has driven down the prices of domestic oil, nonferrous metals and other related industries. In addition, the high base in the same period last year has led to a decline in PPI. Expanded.

　　Judging from the ring comparison, the PPI is basically stable. In January, PPI decreased by 0.4% month-on-month, while in February and March, it was flat.

　　Fu Linghui said that from the next stage, domestic demand generally tends to pick up, which has a certain pull-up effect on PPI, but the import transmission of international commodity prices still exists, and with the high base in the same period last year, PPI may be in a downward range in the short term. However, with the recovery of domestic economy, cardinal utility will gradually decline, and PPI will gradually return to a reasonable level.

　　The national industrial added value increased by 3% year-on-year: achieving steady growth.

　　In the first quarter, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 3% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 0.3 percentage points faster than that in the fourth quarter of last year.

　　From the perspective of industry, among the 41 major industries in the first quarter, 23 industries maintained growth year-on-year, with a growth rate of over 50%. Compared with the fourth quarter of last year, the growth rate of added value of 20 industries rebounded.

　　Production of small and micro enterprises has improved. In the first quarter, the added value of small and micro enterprises above designated size increased by 3.1% year on year. According to the questionnaire survey, the prosperity index of small and micro-industrial enterprises under the regulations increased by 1.7 percentage points over the fourth quarter of last year, and the proportion of enterprises with good production and operation conditions increased by 1.2 percentage points.

　　"In the first quarter, the steady growth policy continued to be effective, the market demand picked up, the supply chain of the industrial chain accelerated to recover, and industrial production showed positive changes, but there was uncertainty in the growth of external demand, and the prices of industrial products were still falling." Fu Linghui said that in the next stage, it is necessary to deepen the structural reform of the supply side, vigorously transform and upgrade traditional industries, cultivate and expand emerging industries, and promote the healthy development of industries.

　　The average unemployment rate in national urban surveys is 5.5%: the employment situation has improved.

　　In the first quarter, the national urban survey unemployment rate averaged 5.5%, down 0.1 percentage point from the fourth quarter of last year. Among them, the urban survey unemployment rate in March was 5.3%, down 0.3 percentage points from February.

　　In March, the unemployment rate of the labor force aged 25 to 59 was 4.3%, down 0.5 percentage points from the previous month; The unemployment rate of migrant agricultural registered labor decreased by 0.7 percentage points from last month … … The unemployment rate of the main employment groups has dropped significantly, and the employment of migrant workers has accelerated.

　　Stabilizing business entities is the key to stabilizing employment. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other three departments have issued a notice at the end of March, which will continue to implement the policy of reducing unemployment and industrial injury insurance rates until the end of 2024. It is estimated that the average annual burden reduction this year and next will be about 180 billion yuan, and all kinds of business entities including small and medium-sized enterprises will generally benefit.

　　Fu Linghui said that with the economic recovery and the expansion of employment demand, the employment situation is expected to continue to improve. However, in view of the structural contradiction of employment, we should continue to increase employment assistance for young people, especially college graduates, accelerate the pace of industrial upgrading, and provide more high-quality jobs. (Reporter Wei Yukun, Zou Duowei, Han Jianuo, Zhang Bowen)

　　Hangzhou, August 16 (Reporter Yu Qin) On the morning of the 16th, Governor Zheng Shanjie came to the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences to investigate agricultural science and technology. He stressed: to consolidate and strengthen the basic position of agriculture, we must not relax at any time. It is hoped that the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences will thoroughly study and implement the spirit of a series of important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on agricultural science and technology innovation, conscientiously implement the arrangements of the Ninth Plenary Session of the 14th Provincial Party Committee, further improve its position, emancipate its mind, further enhance its market awareness, efficiency awareness and benefit awareness, further play its role as the main force and system platform for promoting the overall leap of agricultural science and technology in the province, bravely shoulder heavy burdens and climb the peak, seize the day and make great efforts, in order to promote "strengthening agriculture through science and technology and strengthening agriculture through machinery" in our province.

　　From the scientific research platform, breeding base, and agricultural machinery and equipment exhibition site, Zheng Shanjie went into laboratories, greenhouses and border paddy fields, cordially visited agricultural researchers, learned more about the breeding of new varieties, cultivation experiments and marketing of agricultural scientific and technological achievements, and fully affirmed the achievements made by the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences in recent years. He said that agricultural science and technology innovation has unlimited potential and prospects, and at the same time, it also makes agriculture infinite. The majority of scientific researchers must establish a strong market orientation, work hard on the application of agricultural science and technology that farmers most expect and urgently need, and do a good job in the article of "forcing basic research with applied research and leading applied research with basic research" to create more achievements, benefit more people and write a more wonderful life in the vast fields.

　　Zheng Shanjie pointed out that the way out for the high-quality development of agriculture in our province lies in improving the level of science and technology and mechanization. It is necessary to focus on "strengthening agriculture by science and technology and strengthening agriculture by machinery", strengthen problem orientation, identify the needs of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, focus on tackling key scientific and technological problems that restrict agricultural innovation and development, and effectively solve practical problems. We should establish the concept of input and output, give full play to the power of the market, pay attention to the main role of enterprises in innovation decision-making, R&D investment, scientific research organization and achievement transformation, promote the integrated development of Industry-University-Research, and improve the efficiency and benefit of agriculture through persistent scientific and technological innovation, so that agriculture can be competitive and farmers can earn money. It is necessary to deepen the reform of agricultural science and technology system, support technological research and development and technological innovation through institutional supply and institutional innovation, so that scientific researchers can benefit from the transformation of achievements, realize their personal value while realizing the interests of the country and society, and realize the "full revitalization" of agricultural science and technology innovation with "talent".

　　Liu Xiaotao participated in the survey.